python使用smtp发送邮件

python使用smtp发送邮件

一、概述

与发送邮件相关的 Python 模块：
smtplib
是关于 SMTP（简单邮件传输协议）的操作模块，在发送邮件的过程中起到服务器之间互相通信的作用。

email
简单来说，即服务器之间通信的信息，包括信息头、信息主体等等。
举个简单的例子，当你登录邮箱，写好邮件后点击发送，这部分是由 SMTP 接管；而写邮件、添加附件是由 email 模块控制。

二、开通电子邮箱的SMTP功能

在使用脚本发邮件之前，我们需要打开自己邮箱的 SMTP 功能，各家邮箱的设置方法就不一一讲述了，具体使用时可以百度一下，下面以 163 邮箱设置为例做一个简单的演示：

三、代码操作

class MailServer:
    def __init__(self, address, port):
        self.address = address
        self.port = port

class MailUser:
    def __init__(self, user, password):
        self.user = user
        self.password = password

class SMTPSender:
    """邮件通知"""
    _instance = None

    @classmethod
    def get_instance(cls):
        """单例模式"""
        if SMTPSender._instance is None:
            SMTPSender._instance = SMTPSender()
        return SMTPSender._instance

    def __init__(self):
        self.message = None
        self.client = None
        self.use_ssl = False
        self.server = None
        self.user = None

    def set_ssl(self, is_ssl):
        self.use_ssl = is_ssl

    def set_server(self, address, port):
        self.server = MailServer(address, port)

    def set_user(self, user, password):
        self.user = MailUser(user, password)

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            if self.client:
                self.client.quit()
                self.client = None
        except:
            pass

    def _connect(self):
        """连接服务器"""
        if self.use_ssl:
            self.client = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.server.address, self.server.port)
        else:
            self.client = smtplib.SMTP(self.server.address, self.server.port)

        try:
            # outlook 需要starttls 否则无法发送邮件  其他的不需要
            self.client.starttls()
        except:
            pass

    def login(self):
        """登录邮箱"""
        self.client.login(self.user.user, self.user.password)
        log.info("邮箱登录成功")

    def logout(self):
        if self.client:
            self.client.close()
            self.client = None

    def set_smtp_header(self, sender, receivers, subject, cc=[], bcc=[]):
        """设置协议头"""
        self.message['From'] = sender
        self.message['To'] = Header(','.join(receivers))
        self.message['Subject'] = Header(subject)
        self.message['Cc'] = Header(','.join(cc))
        self.message['Bcc'] = Header(','.join(bcc))

    def set_smtp_content(self, content, content_type, encoding):
        """设置正文内容"""
        alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
        text_html = MIMEText(content, _subtype=content_type, _charset=encoding)
        alternative.attach(text_html)
        self.message.attach(alternative)

    def set_smtp_attachment(self, filepath, display_name=None):
        """设置单个附件"""
        attachment = MIMEApplication(open(filepath, 'rb').read())
        attachment.add_header("Content-Type", 'application/octet-stream')
        if display_name is None:
            display_name = os.path.basename(filepath)
        attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=Header(display_name).encode())
        self.message.attach(attachment)

    def set_smtp_attachments(self, filepaths, display_names=None):
        """设置附件"""
        for i in range(len(filepaths)):
            filepath = filepaths[i]
            display_name = display_names[i] if display_names else None
            self.set_smtp_attachment(filepath, display_name)

    def create_smtp_message(self,
                            receivers,
                            cc=[],
                            bcc=[],
                            subject="",
                            content=None,
                            content_type='utf-8',
                            file_paths=[],
                            display_names=[]):
        """构造邮箱报文"""
        self.message = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
        self.set_smtp_header(self.user.user, receivers, subject, cc, bcc)
        if content:
            self.set_smtp_content(content, 'html', content_type)
        if file_paths:
            self.set_smtp_attachments(file_paths, display_names)

    def send_mail(self, subject, content='', cc=[], bcc=[], receivers=[], filenames=[]):
        """发送 邮件  subject、recipient、content 属于必填项
            content:{
            'subject': '*标题',
            'recipient': ['*收件人邮箱1', '收件人邮箱2'],
            'cc': ['抄送邮箱1'， ’抄送邮箱2‘],
            'bcc': ['密送邮箱1', '密送邮箱2'],
            'content': '*正文  支持html',
            'filenames': ['文件路径列表']
            }
        """

        assert self.server, '请设置邮箱服务器信息'
        assert self.user, '请设置user登录信息'
        if not self.client:
            self._connect()
            self.login()
        self.create_smtp_message(receivers=receivers,
                                 cc=cc,
                                 bcc=bcc,
                                 subject=subject,
                                 content=content,
                                 file_paths=filenames)
        self.client.sendmail(self.user.user, receivers + cc + bcc, self.message.as_string())

根据对应信息设置

instance = SMTPSender.get_instance()
instance.set_server(email_info.get("邮箱服务器地址"), int(email_info.get("邮箱服务器端口")))
instance.set_user(email_info.get("邮箱账号"), email_info.get("邮箱密码"))
instance.set_ssl(True)

SMTPSender.get_instance().logout()