【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试——PO模式篇

标签：self py driver 测试自动化 import type 携程网 def

1. PO模式

继上次代码重构后，我们要继续学习，将我们的代码转换为PO模式。
所谓的PO模式即为：Page Object Model，强调将页面当作对象。
其优点为：

页面分层：页面元素和业务的逻辑进行区分
方便复用对象
每个页面都是一个独立的测试用例
自动化变的更容易

其分层为：

base层       --> 基础的内容
common层     --> 读取文件、日期处理、公共
data层       --> 数据的文件
logs层       --> 日志
PO层         --> 页面的业务代码
testcase层   --> 测试层用来存放测试代码
reports层    --> 用来存放测试报告
config      ---> 配置文件

2. 目录结构

开发后代码目录结构为：

├─xcPO
│  │  __init__.py
│  │
│  ├─base
│  │      base.py
│  │      __init__.py
│  │
│  ├─common
│  │      function.py
│  │      __init__.py
│  │
│  ├─data
│  │      data.yaml
│  │      __init__.py
│  │
│  ├─po
│  │      filter_tickets_page.py
│  │      login_page.py
│  │      order_page.py
│  │      search_trains_page.py
│  │      __init__.py
│  │
│  ├─reports
│  │      __init__.py
│  │
│  └─testcase
│      │  cookies.txt
│      │  test_book_tickets.py
│      └─__init__.py

3. 代码

（1）. base层——`base.py`

# base.py
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep

class Base():
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver    # type:WebDriver

    # 捕获异常方法【用于判断某元素是否存在】
    def isElementPresent(self, element):
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, element)
            return True
        except Exception:
            return False

    # 根据XPATH定位元素
    def byXpath(self, element):
        return self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, element)

    # 获取driver
    def getDriver(self):
        return self.driver

    # 基础浏览器操作
    def openUrl(self, url):
        self.driver.get(url)
        # 最大化页面
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    # 关闭浏览器，释放资源
    def close(self):
        print("关闭浏览器并释放资源")
        self.driver.quit()

    # 滚动加载数据
    def loadDataByScroll(self):
        # 滚动加载数据
        last_count = 0
        # 开启循环，确保获取到所有数据
        while True:
            # 获取当前卡片数量
            cards = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "//div[@class='card-white list-item']")
            current_count = len(cards)
            # 如果卡片数量没有变化，停止滚动
            if current_count == last_count:
                break
            # 滚动到底部
            self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
            last_count = current_count
            # 等待新数据加载
            sleep(2)  # 根据加载速度调整等待时间
        # 将页面滚动到顶部，方便观察
        self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 0);")

（2）. common层——`function.py`

# function.py
from ruamel.yaml import YAML

# 读取数据
def readYaml():
    yaml = YAML()
    # 保留引号和注释
    yaml.preserve_quotes = True
    # 获取配置文件中的数据
    with open("../data/data.yaml", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        data = yaml.load(file)
    return data

def writeYaml(data):
    yaml = YAML()
    # 保留引号和注释
    yaml.preserve_quotes = True
    with open('../data/data.yaml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        yaml.dump(data, f)

（3）. data层——`data.yaml`

# data.yaml
cookiesFilePath: "./cookies.txt"  # cookies本地存储路径

# 输入
inputs:
- trainInfo:
    departure: "开封"       # 出发站
    destination: "郑州"     # 到达站
    date: "2024-10-10"     # 日期
    seatTypes:
    - "硬座"
    - "二等座"
    - "商务座"
  passengers:
  - name: "张三"
    ID: "410201200010010125"
    tel: "13579325643"
    type: "成人"

  - name: "李四"
    ID: "410201200010010125"
    tel: "13579325644"
    type: "学生"
  filter:
    departTime: "15:00"     # 预期出发时间，最早
    arrivalTime: "18:00"    # 预期抵达时间，最晚
    onlyAvailable: true     # 仅显示有票车次
    trainTypes:   # 车型
    - type: "高铁(G/C)"
      select: false
    - type: "动车(D)"
      select: true
    - type: "普通(Z/T/K)"
      select: true
    - type: "其他(L/Y)"
      select: true
- trainInfo:
    departure: "郑州"       # 出发站
    destination: "开封"     # 到达站
    date: "2024-10-10"     # 日期
    seatTypes:
    - "硬座"
    - "二等座"
    - "商务座"
  passengers:
  - name: "张三"
    ID: "410201200010010125"
    tel: "13579325643"
    type: "成人"
  filter:
    departTime: "15:00"     # 预期出发时间，最早
    arrivalTime: "18:00"    # 预期抵达时间，最晚
    onlyAvailable: true     # 仅显示有票车次
    trainTypes:   # 车型
    - type: "高铁(G/C)"
      select: false
    - type: "动车(D)"
      select: true
    - type: "普通(Z/T/K)"
      select: true
    - type: "其他(L/Y)"
      select: true

seats:                 # 坐席
- type: "硬座"
  available: true
- type: "硬卧"
  available: true
- type: "软卧"
  available: true
- type: "无座"
  available: true
- type: "高级软卧"
  available: false
- type: "二等座"
  available: true
- type: "二等卧"
  available: true
- type: "一等卧"
  available: true
- type: "一等座"
  available: true
- type: "商务座"
  available: true
- type: "优选一等座"
  available: false

（4）. po层——`login_page.py`

# login_page.py
import os
import json
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from xctest.xcPO.base.base import Base
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class loginPage(Base):
    def getLoginBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//button[@class='tl_nfes_home_header_login_not_frb4a']")

    def getQRLoginBtn(self):
        return self.driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "扫码登录")

    def getRefreshBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//a[text()='刷新']")

    def checkCookiesFile(self, cookiesFilePath):
        return os.path.exists(cookiesFilePath) and os.path.getsize(cookiesFilePath) > 0

    def injectCookies(self, cookiesFilePath):
        # 注入cookies
        with open(cookiesFilePath, 'r') as file:
            cookies = json.load(file)
        for cookie in cookies:
            # 添加 cookie 之前，删除 'expiry' 属性，防止不兼容问题
            if 'expiry' in cookie:
                del cookie['expiry']
            self.driver.add_cookie(cookie)

    def handleManualLogin(self, cookiesFilePath):
        # 获取页面元素
        loginBtn = self.getLoginBtn()
        # 点击登录按钮
        loginBtn.click()
        sleep(1)
        # 隐式等待
        # self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "扫码登录")))
        # 切换登录方式为：扫码登录
        QRLoginBtn = self.getQRLoginBtn()
        QRLoginBtn.click()
        # 循环等待扫码完成
        while True:
            print("===========开始循环===========")
            if self.isElementPresent("//p[text()='二维码已失效']"):
                print("=========二维码已过期=========")
                sleep(3)
                refreshBtn = self.getRefreshBtn()
                refreshBtn.click()
                sleep(3)
                print("=========二维码已刷新=========")
            elif self.isElementPresent("//*[@id='label-departStation']"):
                print("===========登录成功===========")
                break
            else:
                print("=========等待扫描QR码=========")
                sleep(10)

    def saveCookies(self, cookiesFilePath):
        cookies = self.driver.get_cookies()
        # 保存cookies到本地
        with open(cookiesFilePath, 'w') as file:
            json.dump(cookies, file)
            print("====cookies写入完成====")

    def login(self, cookiesFilePath):
        # 打开URL
        # url = "https://trains.ctrip.com/"
        # self.openUrl(url)

        # 判断cookies.txt是否存在及检测cookies.txt内是否有内容
        if self.checkCookiesFile(cookiesFilePath):
            print("将使用Cookies实现自动登录~")
            self.injectCookies(cookiesFilePath)
        else:
            print("请手动登录~")
            self.handleManualLogin(cookiesFilePath)
            self.saveCookies(cookiesFilePath)
        sleep(3)
        print("浏览器刷新~")
        self.driver.refresh()
        sleep(3)

（5）. po层——`search_trains_page.py`

# search_trains_page.py
from time import sleep
from xctest.xcPO.base.base import Base
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class searchTrainsPage(Base):
    def getDepartureStation(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-departStation']")

    def getArrivalStation(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-arriveStation']")

    def getDatePicker(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-departDate']")

    def getSearchBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[text()='搜索']")

    def delContent(self, element):
        element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
        element.send_keys(Keys.DELETE)

    def enableDatePickerStyle(self):
        # 使用 JavaScript 添加日期控件input样式
        js_code = """
                    var styles = '.assist-block-dom, .assist-flex-dom, .assist-ib-dom { display: block !important; }';
                    var styleSheet = document.createElement("style");
                    styleSheet.type = "text/css";
                    styleSheet.innerText = styles;
                    document.head.appendChild(styleSheet);
                    """
        self.driver.execute_script(js_code)

    def searchTrain(self, departure, destination, date):
        # 获取页面元素
        departureStation = self.getDepartureStation()
        arrivalStation = self.getArrivalStation()
        datePicker = self.getDatePicker()
        searchBtn = self.getSearchBtn()

        # 确保日期控件可输入
        self.enableDatePickerStyle()
        sleep(1)

        # 清除原有内容
        self.delContent(departureStation)
        self.delContent(arrivalStation)
        self.delContent(datePicker)

        # 输入出发站、到达站和日期
        departureStation.send_keys(f"{departure}")
        arrivalStation.send_keys(f"{destination}")
        datePicker.send_keys(f"{date}")

        # 点击搜索按钮
        self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", searchBtn)

        # 隐式等待
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        print(f"本次出发站为：{departure}，到达站为：{destination}")

（6）. po层——`filter_tickets_page.py`

# filter_tickets_page.py
from time import sleep
from xctest.xcPO.base.base import Base
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class searchTrainsPage(Base):
    def getDepartureStation(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-departStation']")

    def getArrivalStation(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-arriveStation']")

    def getDatePicker(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[@id='label-departDate']")

    def getSearchBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//*[text()='搜索']")

    def delContent(self, element):
        element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
        element.send_keys(Keys.DELETE)

    def enableDatePickerStyle(self):
        # 使用 JavaScript 添加日期控件input样式
        js_code = """
                    var styles = '.assist-block-dom, .assist-flex-dom, .assist-ib-dom { display: block !important; }';
                    var styleSheet = document.createElement("style");
                    styleSheet.type = "text/css";
                    styleSheet.innerText = styles;
                    document.head.appendChild(styleSheet);
                    """
        self.driver.execute_script(js_code)

    def searchTrain(self, departure, destination, date):
        # 获取页面元素
        departureStation = self.getDepartureStation()
        arrivalStation = self.getArrivalStation()
        datePicker = self.getDatePicker()
        searchBtn = self.getSearchBtn()

        # 确保日期控件可输入
        self.enableDatePickerStyle()
        sleep(1)

        # 清除原有内容
        self.delContent(departureStation)
        self.delContent(arrivalStation)
        self.delContent(datePicker)

        # 输入出发站、到达站和日期
        departureStation.send_keys(f"{departure}")
        arrivalStation.send_keys(f"{destination}")
        datePicker.send_keys(f"{date}")

        # 点击搜索按钮
        self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", searchBtn)

        # 隐式等待
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        print(f"本次出发站为：{departure}，到达站为：{destination}")

（7）. po层——`order_page.py`

# order_page.py
from time import sleep
from xctest.xcPO.base.base import Base
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class orderPage(Base):
    def getAddPassengerBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//button[text()='新增乘客']")

    def getPassengerType(self, type):
        return self.byXpath(f"//div[p[text()='{type}']]")

    def getNameInput(self):
        return self.byXpath("//input[contains(@class, 'input-txt') and contains(@class, 'focus-cNName')]")

    def getIDInput(self):
        return self.byXpath("//input[contains(@class, 'input-txt') and contains(@class, 'focus-identityNo')]")

    def getTelInput(self):
        return self.byXpath("//input[contains(@class, 'input-txt') and contains(@class, 'focus-mobilePhone')]")

    def getAddBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//button[text()='确认添加']")

    def inputToElement(self, element, content):
        element.send_keys(f"{content}")

    def getPassengerCard(self, name):
        return self.byXpath(f"//span[text()='{name}']/ancestor::div[2][@class='PassengerCell_innerContainer__PPhbr']")

    def getConfirmBtn(self):
        return self.byXpath("//div[contains(@class, 'passengerList_bottomButton__VF11U')]")

    def addPassengers(self, passengers):
        nameList = []
        for passenger in passengers:
            nameList.append(passenger['name'])
            if not self.isElementPresent(f"//li[.//div[@class='name' and text()='{passenger['name']}']]"):
                # 获取新增乘客按钮、乘客类型、姓名、身份证号和手机号元素
                addPassengerBtn = self.getAddPassengerBtn()
                passengerType = self.getPassengerType(passenger['type'])
                nameInput = self.getNameInput()
                IDInput = self.getIDInput()
                telInput = self.getTelInput()

                # 点击新增游客并选择乘客类型
                addPassengerBtn.click()
                passengerType.click()

                # 输入姓名和身份证号
                self.inputToElement(nameInput, passenger['name'])
                self.inputToElement(IDInput, passenger['ID'])
                self.inputToElement(telInput, passenger['tel'])

                # 点击添加按钮
                addBtn = self.getAddBtn()
                addBtn.click()
        sleep(1)
        self.selectPassengers(nameList)

    def selectPassengers(self, nameList):
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//button[contains(@class, 'btn-blue') and contains(@class, 'btn-add')]").click()
        # 显式等待iframe加载完成
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//iframe[@id='picker-iframe']")))
        sleep(2)
        # 切换frame
        iframe = self.byXpath("//iframe[@id='picker-iframe']")
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)
        # 添加乘客信息
        for name in nameList:
            passengerCard = self.getPassengerCard(name)
            passengerCard.click()
        sleep(1)
        confirmBtn = self.getConfirmBtn()
        # driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click()", confirmBtn)
        confirmBtn.click()
        sleep(1)
        # 切换回上一个页面
        self.driver.switch_to.parent_frame()

（8）. testcase层——`test_book_tickets.py`

# test_book_tickets.py
from xctest.xcPO.po.login_page import loginPage
from xctest.xcPO.po.search_trains_page import searchTrainsPage
from xctest.xcPO.po.filter_tickets_page import filterTicketsPage
from xctest.xcPO.po.order_page import orderPage
from selenium import webdriver
from xctest.xcPO.common.function import readYaml
import pytest

data = readYaml()

class TestBookTickets():
    def setup_method(self, method):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        url = "https://trains.ctrip.com/"
        self.driver.get(url)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    param_data = [(data['cookiesFilePath'], row, data) for row in data['inputs']]
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["cookiesFilePath", "row", "data"], param_data)
    def test_01(self, cookiesFilePath, row, data):
        login = loginPage(self.driver)
        login.login(cookiesFilePath)

        trains = searchTrainsPage(self.driver)
        trains.searchTrain(row['trainInfo']['departure'], row['trainInfo']['destination'], row['trainInfo']['date'])

        tickets = filterTicketsPage(self.driver)
        tickets.checkSeats(data['seats'], data)
        tickets.filterTickets(row['filter']['onlyAvailable'], row['filter']['trainTypes'], row['filter']['departTime'], row['filter']['arrivalTime'], data['seats'], row['trainInfo']['seatTypes'])

        order = orderPage(self.driver)
        order.addPassengers(row['passengers'])

    def teardown_method(self, method):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_book_tickets.py"])

3. 总结

理解代码具体内容、逻辑以及开发思路请根据以下顺序自行查看：

Selenium处理携程日期组件的方法
【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试
【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试——代码重构篇
本篇【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试——PO模式篇

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标签：self,py,driver,测试,自动化,import,type,携程网,def
From： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51055612/article/details/142794722

【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试——PO模式篇

目录

1. PO模式

2. 目录结构

3. 代码

（1）. base层——`base.py`

（2）. common层——`function.py`

（3）. data层——`data.yaml`

（4）. po层——`login_page.py`

（5）. po层——`search_trains_page.py`

（6）. po层——`filter_tickets_page.py`

（7）. po层——`order_page.py`

（8）. testcase层——`test_book_tickets.py`

3. 总结

相关文章

赞助商

阅读排行

【Web自动化测试】Python + Selenium实现携程网火车票订购的自动化测试——PO模式篇

目录

1. PO模式

2. 目录结构

3. 代码

（1）. base层——base.py

（2）. common层——function.py

（3）. data层——data.yaml

（4）. po层——login_page.py

（5）. po层——search_trains_page.py

（6）. po层——filter_tickets_page.py

（7）. po层——order_page.py

（8）. testcase层——test_book_tickets.py

3. 总结

相关文章

赞助商

阅读排行

（1）. base层——`base.py`

（2）. common层——`function.py`

（3）. data层——`data.yaml`

（4）. po层——`login_page.py`

（5）. po层——`search_trains_page.py`

（6）. po层——`filter_tickets_page.py`

（7）. po层——`order_page.py`

（8）. testcase层——`test_book_tickets.py`