标签：java GUI 编程 public Button add frame new Day01

GUI编程

组件

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件
外挂
破解工具

简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT

因为界面不美观
运行需要jre环境
MVC的基础，了解MVC架构，了解监听
可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
工作时候，也可能需要维护到Swing界面，概率极小

AWT

AWT介绍

包含了很多的类和接口 GUI：图形用户界面
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
java.awt
组件Component
- 按钮button
- 文本域Text Area
- Label
- ......
- 容器Container
  - Window
    - Frame
    - 弹窗Dialog
  - 面板Panel
    - Applet

组件和容器

Frame

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame     JDK     看源码
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色  Color类
        frame.setBackground(Color.cyan);

        //弹出的初始位置  (0,0)在左上角
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：发现窗口无法关闭，只能通过停止java程序

尝试回顾封装：

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 300, 300, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(400, 100, 300, 300, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 400, 300, 300, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(400, 400, 300, 300, Color.green);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器

    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("My Frame"+(++id));
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);//设置窗口大小和初始位置
        setBackground(color);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

![截图](C:\Users\34454\Pictures\Screenshots\屏幕截图 2024-09-22 103255.png)

面板Panel

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//Panel可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(108, 175, 225));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(Color.yellow);

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件  System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式：
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭时需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

![截图](C:\Users\34454\Pictures\Screenshots\屏幕截图 2024-09-22 110349.png)

解决了关闭的问题

布局管理器

流式布局

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//按钮靠左

        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

东西南北中

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

表格布局

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数，自动布局
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

实现![截图](C:\Users\34454\Pictures\Screenshots\屏幕截图 2024-09-22 145509.png)

package com.dongfang.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//练习的Demo讲解
public class ExDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-button-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-button-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

事件监听

package com.dongfang.lesson02;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗口的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

多个按钮，共享一个事件

package com.dongfang.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

输入框TestField事件监听

package com.dongfang.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下Enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        field.setText(" ");//null  回车后清空输入框
    }
}

简易计算器

oop原则：组合大于继承

完全改造为面向对象写法

package com.dongfang.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalulator(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
    /*
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalulator(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    */
}

//监听器类
class MyCalulator implements ActionListener {
    //获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
    //private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalulator(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //获得加数和被加数
        //int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        //int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
        //num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清除前两个框
        //num1.setText("");
        //num2.setText("");
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类

计算器优化

package com.dongfang.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻地访问外部的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
        //获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
        //private TextField num1,num2,num3;
           /*
            Calculator calculator = null;

            public MyCalculator(Calculator calculator){
            this.calculator = calculator;
            }
           */

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //获得加数和被加数
            //int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            //int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
            //num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //清除前两个框
            //num1.setText("");
            //num2.setText("");
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
    /*
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalulator(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    */
        }
    }

}
/*
//监听器类
class MyCalulator implements ActionListener {
    //获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
    //private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalulator(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }


    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //获得加数和被加数
        //int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        //int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
        //num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清除前两个框
        //num1.setText("");
        //num2.setText("");
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}
*/

标签：java,GUI,编程,public,Button,add,frame,new,Day01
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/dongfangyulv/p/18425964

GUI编程Day01