在 Python 脚本中处理错误是确保程序稳健性的重要部分。通过处理错误,你可以防止程序因意外情况崩溃,并为用户提供有意义的错误消息。以下是我在 Python 中处理错误的常见方法和一些最佳实践:
1、问题背景
当运行 pyblog.py 时,遇到了以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python26\Lib\SITE-P~1\PYTHON~1\pywin\framework\scriptutils.py", line 325, in RunScript
exec codeObject in __main__.__dict__
File "C:\Documents and Settings\mmorisy\Desktop\My Dropbox\python\betterblogmaster.py", line 11, in <module>
date = blogurl.get_recent_posts(1)[0]['dateCreated']
File "C:\Documents and Settings\mmorisy\Desktop\My Dropbox\python\pyblog.py", line 129, in get_recent_posts
return self.execute('metaWeblog.getRecentPosts', blogid, self.username, self.password, numposts)
File "C:\Documents and Settings\mmorisy\Desktop\My Dropbox\python\pyblog.py", line 93, in execute
raise BlogError(fault.faultString)
BlogError: XML-RPC services are disabled on this blog. An admin user can enable them at http://example.com/blogname/wp-admin/options-writing.php
为了解决此问题,尝试使用以下代码来处理错误:
for blog in bloglist:
try:
blogurl = pyblog.WordPress('http://example.com' + blog + 'xmlrpc.php', 'admin', 'laxbro24')
date = blogurl.get_recent_posts(1)[0]['dateCreated']
print blog + ', ' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mon) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mday) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_year)
except BlogError:
print "Oops! The blog at " + blogurl + " is not configured properly."
但遇到了以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python26\Lib\SITE-P~1\PYTHON~1\pywin\framework\scriptutils.py", line 325, in RunScript
exec codeObject in __main__.__dict__
File "C:\Documents and Settings\mmorisy\Desktop\My Dropbox\python\betterblogmaster.py", line 13, in <module>
except BlogError:
NameError: name 'BlogError' is not defined
问题是,虽然 pyblog.py 定义了 BlogError 异常,但没有将它导入当前脚本的命名空间中。
2、解决方案
有以下几种解决方案:
方法 1
使用以下代码将 BlogError 异常导入当前脚本的命名空间:
from pyblog import BlogError
然后,就可以使用以下代码来处理错误:
for blog in bloglist:
try:
blogurl = pyblog.WordPress('http://example.com' + blog + 'xmlrpc.php', 'admin', 'laxbro24')
date = blogurl.get_recent_posts(1)[0]['dateCreated']
print blog + ', ' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mon) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mday) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_year)
except BlogError:
print "Oops! The blog at " + blogurl + " is not configured properly."
方法 2
使用以下代码来捕获所有异常:
for blog in bloglist:
try:
blogurl = pyblog.WordPress('http://example.com' + blog + 'xmlrpc.php', 'admin', 'laxbro24')
date = blogurl.get_recent_posts(1)[0]['dateCreated']
print blog + ', ' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mon) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mday) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_year)
except Exception as e:
print "Oops! An error occurred while processing the blog at " + blogurl + ": " + str(e)
这种方法可以捕获所有异常,但不能像方法 1 那样提供特定的错误信息。
方法 3
使用以下代码来捕获 BlogError 异常:
for blog in bloglist:
try:
blogurl = pyblog.WordPress('http://example.com' + blog + 'xmlrpc.php', 'admin', 'laxbro24')
date = blogurl.get_recent_posts(1)[0]['dateCreated']
print blog + ', ' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mon) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_mday) + '/' + str(date.timetuple().tm_year)
except BlogError as e:
print "Oops! The blog at " + blogurl + " is not configured properly: " + str(e)
这种方法可以捕获 BlogError 异常,并提供特定的错误信息。
通过合理使用异常处理技术,你可以编写更健壮的 Python 程序,从而提高用户体验,并使调试和维护变得更加容易。记住在处理异常时,最好为用户提供有意义的错误消息,并在必要时记录异常信息以供后续分析。
标签:脚本,blogurl,timetuple,Python,blog,tm,str,date,处理错误 From: https://blog.51cto.com/u_13488918/11917071