1.xv6源代码下载

git clone https://github.com/ytcoode/xv6.git

2.编译并在qemu中运行xv6 镜像

2.1 安装qemu

sudo apt-get install qemu

2.2 编译并运行xv6

将54行QEMU前面的#号注释掉

然后直接在当前目录下执行

make qemu

即可直接加载并运行xv6镜像

手动运行:

qemu-system-i386 -serial mon:stdio -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp 2 -m 512

xv6镜像编译log：

zx@ubuntu:~/Desktop/codes/xv6$ make qemu
gcc -Werror -Wall -o mkfs mkfs.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o ulib.o ulib.c
gcc -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide   -c -o usys.o usys.S
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o printf.o printf.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o umalloc.o umalloc.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o cat.o cat.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _cat cat.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _cat > cat.asm
objdump -t _cat | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > cat.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o echo.o echo.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _echo echo.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _echo > echo.asm
objdump -t _echo | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > echo.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o forktest.o forktest.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _forktest forktest.o ulib.o usys.o
objdump -S _forktest > forktest.asm
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o grep.o grep.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _grep grep.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _grep > grep.asm
objdump -t _grep | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > grep.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o init.o init.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _init init.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _init > init.asm
objdump -t _init | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > init.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kill.o kill.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _kill kill.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _kill > kill.asm
objdump -t _kill | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > kill.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o ln.o ln.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _ln ln.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _ln > ln.asm
objdump -t _ln | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > ln.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o ls.o ls.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _ls ls.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _ls > ls.asm
objdump -t _ls | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > ls.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o mkdir.o mkdir.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _mkdir mkdir.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _mkdir > mkdir.asm
objdump -t _mkdir | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > mkdir.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o rm.o rm.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _rm rm.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _rm > rm.asm
objdump -t _rm | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > rm.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o sh.o sh.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _sh sh.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _sh > sh.asm
objdump -t _sh | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > sh.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o stressfs.o stressfs.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _stressfs stressfs.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _stressfs > stressfs.asm
objdump -t _stressfs | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > stressfs.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o usertests.o usertests.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _usertests usertests.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _usertests > usertests.asm
objdump -t _usertests | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > usertests.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o wc.o wc.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _wc wc.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _wc > wc.asm
objdump -t _wc | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > wc.sym
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o zombie.o zombie.c
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e main -Ttext 0 -o _zombie zombie.o ulib.o usys.o printf.o umalloc.o
objdump -S _zombie > zombie.asm
objdump -t _zombie | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > zombie.sym
./mkfs fs.img README _cat _echo _forktest _grep _init _kill _ln _ls _mkdir _rm _sh _stressfs _usertests _wc _zombie 
nmeta 59 (boot, super, log blocks 30 inode blocks 26, bitmap blocks 1) blocks 941 total 1000
balloc: first 532 blocks have been allocated
balloc: write bitmap block at sector 58
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -fno-pic -O -nostdinc -I. -c bootmain.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c bootasm.S
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e start -Ttext 0x7C00 -o bootblock.o bootasm.o bootmain.o
objdump -S bootblock.o > bootblock.asm
objcopy -S -O binary -j .text bootblock.o bootblock
./sign.pl bootblock
boot block is 448 bytes (max 510)
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o bio.o bio.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o console.o console.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o exec.o exec.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o file.o file.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o fs.o fs.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o ide.o ide.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o ioapic.o ioapic.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kalloc.o kalloc.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o kbd.o kbd.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o lapic.o lapic.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o log.o log.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o main.o main.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o mp.o mp.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o picirq.o picirq.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o pipe.o pipe.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o proc.o proc.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o sleeplock.o sleeplock.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o spinlock.o spinlock.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o string.o string.c
gcc -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide   -c -o swtch.o swtch.S
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o syscall.o syscall.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o sysfile.o sysfile.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o sysproc.o sysproc.c
gcc -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide   -c -o trapasm.o trapasm.S
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o trap.o trap.c
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o uart.o uart.c
./vectors.pl > vectors.S
gcc -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide   -c -o vectors.o vectors.S
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie   -c -o vm.o vm.c
gcc -m32 -gdwarf-2 -Wa,-divide   -c -o entry.o entry.S
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -fno-pic -nostdinc -I. -c entryother.S
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e start -Ttext 0x7000 -o bootblockother.o entryother.o
objcopy -S -O binary -j .text bootblockother.o entryother
objdump -S bootblockother.o > entryother.asm
gcc -fno-pic -static -fno-builtin -fno-strict-aliasing -Og -Wall -MD -ggdb -m32 -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-protector -fno-pie -no-pie -nostdinc -I. -c initcode.S
ld -m    elf_i386 -N -e start -Ttext 0 -o initcode.out initcode.o
objcopy -S -O binary initcode.out initcode
objdump -S initcode.o > initcode.asm
ld -m    elf_i386 -T kernel.ld -o kernel entry.o bio.o console.o exec.o file.o fs.o ide.o ioapic.o kalloc.o kbd.o lapic.o log.o main.o mp.o picirq.o pipe.o proc.o sleeplock.o spinlock.o string.o swtch.o syscall.o sysfile.o sysproc.o trapasm.o trap.o uart.o vectors.o vm.o  -b binary initcode entryother
objdump -S kernel > kernel.asm
objdump -t kernel | sed '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/ .* / /; /^$/d' > kernel.sym
dd if=/dev/zero of=xv6.img count=10000
10000+0 records in
10000+0 records out
5120000 bytes (5.1 MB, 4.9 MiB) copied, 0.0130991 s, 391 MB/s
dd if=bootblock of=xv6.img conv=notrunc
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes copied, 0.000117054 s, 4.4 MB/s
dd if=kernel of=xv6.img seek=1 conv=notrunc
314+1 records in
314+1 records out
161060 bytes (161 kB, 157 KiB) copied, 0.000376397 s, 428 MB/s
qemu-system-i386 -serial mon:stdio -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp 2 -m 512

xv6镜像运行log:

xv6...
cpu1: starting 1
cpu0: starting 0
sb: size 1000 nblocks 941 ninodes 200 nlog 30 logstart 2 inodestart 32 bmap start 58
init: starting sh
$ 

2.3 运行gdb调试环境

运行qemu，监听26000 gdb连接端口

qemu-system-i386 -serial mon:stdio -drive file=fs.img,index=1,media=disk,format=raw -drive file=xv6.img,index=0,media=disk,format=raw -smp 2 -m 512  -S -gdb tcp::26000

或在源码中直接执行以下语句：

make qemu-gdb

执行结果如下：

此时在再打开一个新的命令窗口,切换到xv6源码路径下，执行以下命令：

gdb kernel
# 然后gdb中输入
target remote localhost:26000

然后在gdb窗口中对exec打上断点，继续执行：

与此同时qemu端口也同步进行运行：

到此xv6的gdb调试环境就已经搭建好了，后续可以通过gdb窗口对xv6内核进行调试了