第一个程序、定义类、打印方法、判断是否有方法属性、放开属性、数组、注释、字符串操作、字典、类型转换、静态方法、继承、模块、流程控制、循环、异常处理
第一个程序
def sayHello
puts 'hello word'
end
sayHello
定义类
# 类名第一个字母必须大写
class Player
def initialize(name = "zhanghuan")
@name = name
end
def show()
puts "hello,#{@name}"
end
end
p = Player.new()
p.show()
打印方法
puts Player.instance_methods(false)
判断是否有方法、属性
if p.respond_to?("show")
p.send("show")
end
放开属性
class Game
attr_accessor :price,:title #开放属性，外部可以访问
def initialize(title = "game1", price = 200)
@title = title
@price = price
end
def show()
puts "标题：#{@title}"
puts "价格：#{@price}"
end
end
g = Game.new()
puts g.title #可访问
g.title = "game2"
puts g.title #可修改
数组
games = ["绝地求生","怪物猎人","埃尔登法环"]
# 输出
puts games
# 遍历
games.each do |game|
puts "我爱 #{game}"
end
games.each_with_index do |game,i|
puts "我爱 #{i} #{game}"
end
# 连接
puts games.join(",")
# 判断是否是数组
puts games.respond_to?("each")
注释
# 行注释
=begin
多行注释
=end
__END__
结束语
字符串操作
a = "hello"
b = "word"
# 字符串带入，相当于a = a + b
a << b
puts a
# 字符串重复
puts a * 4
# 单引号和双引号的区别和shell脚本类似
字典
dic1={
"a":1,
"b":2
}
dic2={
name:"zhanghuan",
age:"20"
}
puts dic1[:a]
puts dic2[:name]
类型转换
a = "1"
b = "2"
c = "3"
puts a + b + c
# 字符串转数字
puts a.to_i + b.to_i + c.to_i
# 数字转字符串
puts (a.to_i + b.to_i + c.to_i).to_s + "AAA"
静态方法
class Game
def initialize(name = "zhanghuan")
@name = name
end
def show()
puts @name.to_s
end
# 定义静态方法
def self.toStr()
puts "aaaaaa"
end
end
game = Game.new()
game.show()
# game.toStr() 不可以这样写，因为实例hi无法调用静态方法的
Game.toStr()
Game::toStr()
继承
class SteamGame < Game
def info
puts "G胖"
end
end
game = SteamGame.new()
game.info()
模块
module BaseFunc
Version = "1.0"
def v
return Version
end
def add(a,b)
return a + b
end
def self.showVersion
return Version
end
# 定义静态方法
module_function :v
end
puts BaseFunc.v
puts BaseFunc.showVersion
puts BaseFunc::Version
# BaseFunc.add(10,20) 不可用
class BaseClass include BaseFunc
end
# 类包含模块后，模块中的方法不可直接用，要实例化后才可用
#puts BasClass.v 不可用
#puts BasClass::showVersion 不可用
puts BaseClass::Version
myCls = BaseClass.new
puts myCls.add(10,20)
# puts myCls.v 不可用
流程控制
point_per_game = 30
if point_per_game >= 30
puts "3500万美元年薪"
elsif point_per_game >= 20
puts "2500万美元年薪"
else
puts "1500万美元年薪"
end
case point_per_game
when 30
puts "正好30"
when 20
puts "正好20"
else
puts "??"
end
循环
languages = ["java","python","ruby"]
for item in languages do
puts item
end
languages.each{
|item|
puts item
}
languages.each_with_index do |item,i|
puts i.to_s + "." + item
end
# times循环
5.times do |i|
puts i
end
# step循环
1.step(10,2) do |i|
puts i
end
# upto
2.upto(5) do |i|
puts i
end
# downto
5.downto(2) do |i|
puts i
end
# 包含5
for i in 1..5 do
puts i
end
# 不包含5
for i in 1...5 do
puts i
end
index = 0
while index < 5 do
puts index
index += 1
end
index = 0
until index == 5 do
puts index
index += 1
end
异常处理
begin #try
a = 1/0
rescue => e #catch
puts e
else # 鸡肋
puts "正常处理"
ensure # finally
puts "扫尾"
end