python爬虫爬取国家科技报告服务系统数据，共计30余万条
按学科分类【中图分类】
共计三十余万条科技报告数据
爬取的网址：https://www.nstrs.cn/kjbg/navigation
！！！
分析网站数据来源可以发现，是使用的post方式的请求，且参数列表如下：
那么我们需要做的就是模拟这个请求，同时需要带上我们自定义的参数，这里面需要的其实一个就是页码pageNo，另一个是分类，如下图：
parms = {
"pageNo": i,
"competentOrg": "",
"jihuaId": "",
"fieldCode": "",
"classification": name, # 修改
"kjbgRegion": "",
"kjbgType": "",
"grade": ""
}简单说一下我都做了什么，首先是配置是IP代理池，存在redis数据库，每次【设置了随机延迟时间】随机取出一个进行访问。
其次使用了随机UserAgent请求头。
爬虫是直接使用post请求，携带参数抓获返回的json数据做解析并存入mysql数据库。
下面是代码：
爬虫方法report_crawler
也就是你需要直接运行的方法。
我这部分是从"社会科学总论"这个分类开始爬的，前面那些如果需要爬，就直接改pageList页码列表、nameList名称列表、tableList数据库表列表就可以【切记是一 一对应的！】
import json
import random
from time import sleep
import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from report_data.into_mysql import insert_mysql
from report_data.ip_redis import my_redis
"""
post方法参数
params:字典或字节序列，作为参数增加到链接中
data:字典，字节序列或文件对象，作为请求的内容
json:JSON格式的数据，作为Request的内容
headers：字典，HTTP定制头（模拟浏览器进行访问）
cookies：字典或CpplieJar,Request中的cookie
auth:元祖，支持HTTP认证功能
files：字典类型，传输文件
timeout:设定超时时间，秒为单位
proxies:字典类型，设定访问代理服务器，可以增加登陆认证
allow_redirects:True//False，默认为True，重定向开关
stream:True/False,默认为True,获取内容立即下载开关
verify:True/False,默认为True，认证SSL证书开关
cert：本地SSL证书路径
"""
# 页码pageList
# 分类名称参数列表 nameList
#
def get_report(page,name,tableName):
# ------------------------------ 修改页码
for i in range(1,page):
print("---------------------------------")
ua = UserAgent()
print("【随机 UserAgent：】" + ua.random) # 随机产生headers
temp_headers = ua.random
# --------------------------------------
test_redis = my_redis()
temp_proxy = test_redis.get_ip()
print("【随机 IP：】" + temp_proxy)
url="https://www.nstrs.cn/rest/kjbg/wfKjbg/list"
# url2 = "https://www.nstrs.cn/rest/kjbg/wfKjbg/list?pageNo=2&competentOrg=&jihuaId=&fieldCode=&classification=医药、卫生&kjbgRegion=&kjbgType=&grade="
parms = {
"pageNo": i,
"competentOrg": "",
"jihuaId": "",
"fieldCode": "",
"classification": name, # 修改
"kjbgRegion": "",
"kjbgType": "",
"grade": ""
}
other_parms={
'User-Agent': temp_headers,
'https': 'http://'+temp_proxy,
'http': 'http://'+temp_proxy
}
sleeptime = random.uniform(0, 0.7)
sleep(sleeptime)
# print(url)
response = requests.post(url, parms, other_parms)
response.encoding='utf8'
print(response.text+'\n')
response_data = response.text # 返回数据
json_data = json.loads(response_data) # 封装字典
res_list_data = json_data['RESULT']['list'] # 一页 长度为10的list [{ },{ },{ } ... { }] len=10
"""
重新构建一个 list [{ }]
"""
for item in res_list_data:
insert_mysql(item,name,tableName)
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 页码 pageList []
pageList = [788,779,656,584,573,510,440,361,
315,226,224,220,155,112,112,
87,53,50,39,33,18,12,5,4,2,2,2,2]
nameList = [
"社会科学总论",
"环境科学、安全科学",
"建筑科学",
"轻工业、手工业",
"数理科学与化学",
"能源与动力工程",
"电工技术",
"矿业工程",
"经济",
"文化、科学、教育、体育",
"水利工程",
"交通运输",
"自然科学总论",
"石油、天然气工业",
"冶金工业",
"武器工业",
"航空、航天",
"哲学、宗教",
"原子能技术",
"历史、地理",
"政治、法律",
"艺术",
"语言、文字",
"军事",
"综合性图书",
"文学",
"语言、文学",
"mks主义、ln主义、mzd思想、dxp理论"
]
tableList = ["tech_c","tech_x","tech_tu","tech_ts","tech_o","tech_tk","tech_tm",
"tech_td","tech_f","tech_g","tech_tv","tech_u",
"tech_n","tech_te","tech_tf","tech_tj","tech_v","tech_b","tech_tl",
"tech_k","tech_d","tech_j","tech_h","tech_e","tech_z","tech_i","tech_i","tech_a"]
for i in range(0,len(tableList)):
get_report(pageList[i],nameList[i],tableList[i])
目录方法category
返回一个中图分类号对应的名称
# 用以返回中图分类号
def get_code(key):
code_dict = {
"医药、卫生":"R",
"一般工业技术":"TB",
"生物科学":"Q",
"数理科学和化学":"O",
"农业科学":"S",
"工业技术":"T",
"自动化技术、计算机技术":"TP",
"天文学、地球科学":"P",
"无线电电子学、电信技术":"TN",
"金属学与金属工艺":"TG",
"机械、仪表工业":"TH",
"化学工业":"TQ",
"社会科学总论":"C",
"环境科学、安全科学":"X",
"建筑科学":"TU",
"轻工业、手工业":"TS",
"数理科学与化学":"O",
"能源与动力工程":"TK",
"电工技术":"TM",
"矿业工程":"TD",
"经济":"F",
"文化、科学、教育、体育":"G",
"水利工程":"TV",
"交通运输":"U",
"自然科学总论":"N",
"石油、天然气工业":"TE",
"冶金工业":"TF",
"武器工业":"TJ",
"航空、航天":"V",
"哲学、宗教":"B",
"原子能技术":"TL",
"历史、地理":"K",
"政治、法律":"D",
"艺术":"J",
"语言、文字":"H",
"军事":"E",
"综合性图书":"Z",
"文学":"I",
"语言、文学":"I",
"mks主义、ln主义、mzd思想、dxp理论":"A",
}
res = code_dict.get(key)
return res
if __name__ == '__main__':
data = get_code("工业技术")
print(data)
user_agent方法
返回随机headers
from fake_useragent import UserAgent # 下载：pip install fake-useragent
import requests
ua = UserAgent() # 实例化，需要联网但是网站不太稳定-可能耗时会长一些
print(ua.random) # 随机产生
headers = {
'User-Agent': ua.random # 伪装
}
# 请求
if __name__ == '__main__':
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/'
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers ,proxies={"http":"117.136.27.43"})
print(response.status_code)
ip_redis方法
从redis数据库取出一个ip并返回（前3000个随机一个，降序排列）
import random
import redis
class my_redis:
def get_ip(self):
r = redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379, db=0,decode_responses=True)
my_redis_data = r.zrange("proxies:universal",1,3000,True)
return random.choice(my_redis_data)
# print(len(my_redis_data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_redis=my_redis()
data=test_redis.get_ip()
print(data)
into_mysql方法
存入mysql数据库的方法
#连接数据库 获取游标
import pymysql
from report_data.category import get_code
def get_conn():
"""
:return: 连接，游标
"""
# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1",
user="root",
password="reliable",
db="tech",
charset="utf8mb4")
# 创建游标
cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
if ((conn != None) & (cursor != None)):
print("数据库连接成功 ...")
else:
print("数据库连接失败！")
return conn, cursor
#关闭数据库连接和游标
def close_conn(conn, cursor):
if cursor:
cursor.close()
if conn:
conn.close()
return 1
# 数据表名
# 中图分类名
def insert_mysql(data,name,tableName):
print(data['title'])
id=data['id']
title=data['title']
alternativeTitle=data['alternativeTitle']
creator=data['creator']
abstractEn=data['abstractEn']
keywordsEn=data['keywordsEn']
abstractCn=data['abstractCn']
keywordsCn=data['keywordsCn']
creatOrorganization=data['creatOrorganization']
prepareOrganization=data['prepareOrganization']
publicDate=data['publicDate']
createTime=data['createTime']
projectName=data['projectName']
competentOrg=data['competentOrg']
projectSubjectName=data['projectSubjectName']
projectSubjectId=data['projectSubjectId']
#------------------------------
classification=name # 修改
#------------------------------
classificationCode=get_code(classification) # 需要调用get_code(name)获取
responsiblePerson = data['responsiblePerson']
supportChannel = data['supportChannel']
undertakeOrg = data['undertakeOrg']
kjbgSource = data['kjbgSource']
proposalDate = data['proposalDate']
submittedDate = data['submittedDate']
kjbgRegion = data['kjbgRegion']
collectionDate = data['collectionDate']
collectionNumber = data['collectionNumber']
fieldCode = data['fieldCode']
fieldId = data['fieldId']
kjbgQWAddress = data['kjbgQWAddress']
isNewRecord = data['isNewRecord']
sourceUrl = "https://www.nstrs.cn/kjbg/detail?id="+id # 需要自己拼 https://www.nstrs.cn/kjbg/detail?id=
conn, cursor = get_conn()
# ------------------------------ 修改表名
sql = "insert into `"+tableName+"` (id,title,alternativeTitle,creator,abstractEn," \
"keywordsEn,abstractCn,keywordsCn,creatOrorganization,prepareOrganization," \
"publicDate,createTime,projectName,competentOrg,projectSubjectName," \
"projectSubjectId,classification,classificationCode,responsiblePerson,supportChannel," \
"undertakeOrg,kjbgSource,proposalDate,submittedDate,kjbgRegion," \
"collectionDate,collectionNumber,fieldCode,fieldId,kjbgQWAddress," \
"isNewRecord,sourceUrl) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s" \
",%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
try:
try:
cursor.execute(sql, [id,title,alternativeTitle,creator,abstractEn,
keywordsEn,abstractCn,keywordsCn,creatOrorganization,prepareOrganization,
publicDate,createTime,projectName,competentOrg,projectSubjectName,
projectSubjectId,classification,classificationCode,responsiblePerson,supportChannel,
undertakeOrg,kjbgSource,proposalDate,submittedDate,kjbgRegion,
collectionDate,collectionNumber,fieldCode,fieldId,kjbgQWAddress,isNewRecord,sourceUrl])
except pymysql.err.IntegrityError:
print("主键冲突！")
conn.commit() # 提交事务 update delete insert操作
except pymysql.err.IntegrityError:
print("error！")
finally:
close_conn(conn, cursor)
return 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
print()
最终爬取三十多万条科技报告，按中图分类建立了mysql数据表，分表存储不同分类的数据。
【其中的数理科学和化学，数理科学与化学这两个分类做了合并，合并为数理科学和化学类，属O】
【语言、文学和文学做了合并，同属 I 文学类】
附几张结果图：
最后说一下数据表结构：
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer
Source Server : reliable
Source Server Version : 80013
Source Host : localhost:3306
Source Database : tech
Target Server Type : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 80013
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 2022-09-24 13:54:05
*/
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for tech_o
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tech_o`;
CREATE TABLE `tech_o` (
`id` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT 'ID',
`title` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '中文标题',
`alternativeTitle` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '英文标题',
`creator` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '作者',
`abstractEn` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '英文摘要',
`keywordsEn` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '英文关键字',
`abstractCn` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '中文摘要',
`keywordsCn` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '中文关键字',
`creatOrorganization` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT '创建者组织',
`prepareOrganization` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '预备组织',
`publicDate` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '公布时间',
`createTime` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '编制时间',
`projectName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '项目名称',
`competentOrg` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '项目地址',
`projectSubjectName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '项目主题名称',
`projectSubjectId` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '项目主题ID',
`classification` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '中图分类名称',
`classificationCode` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '中图分类号',
`responsiblePerson` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '负责人',
`supportChannel` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '主办方',
`undertakeOrg` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '承办方',
`kjbgSource` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '科技报告来源单位',
`proposalDate` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '提议时间',
`submittedDate` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '提交时间',
`kjbgRegion` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '科技报告所属行政区划',
`collectionDate` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收集时间',
`collectionNumber` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收集编号',
`fieldCode` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '领域代码',
`fieldId` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '领域ID',
`kjbgQWAddress` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '报告链接',
`isNewRecord` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否新记录',
`sourceUrl` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '国家科技报告服务系统收录链接',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
作者：靠谱杨
