1.diff算法是什么？

diff算法是一种通过**同层的树节点**进行比较的高效算法

Diff 算法探讨的就是虚拟 DOM 树发生变化后，生成 DOM 树更新补丁的方式。对比新旧两株虚拟 DOM 树的变更差异，将更新补丁作用于真实 DOM，以最小成本完成视图更新。

1.1特点

策略：深度优先，同层比较

1.2原理分析

updateChildren

updateChildren使用同级比对，同级比对图示

使用首尾指针法：

0. 依次对比，比较成功后退出当前比较
1. 渲染结构以newvnode为准
2. 每次比较成功后，start和end向中间靠拢
3. 当新旧节点中有一个start跑到end的右侧时，终止比较
4. 如果都匹配不到，则旧的虚拟dom key只去对比新的虚拟dom key值，如果key相同，则复用

 好，了解了这些规则，让我们利用一个案例看看 ，源码会如何执行吧。

简单贴一下源码吧，以下是更新子节点 diff核心算法，有一些我自己写的注释和问题

 function updateChildren(
    parentElm,
    oldCh,
    newCh,
    insertedVnodeQueue,
    removeOnly
  ) {
    //节点的序号
    let oldStartIdx = 0
    let oldEndIdx = oldCh.length - 1

    let newStartIdx = 0
    let newEndIdx = newCh.length - 1
    //节点的value
    let oldStartVnode = oldCh[0]
    let oldEndVnode = oldCh[oldEndIdx]

    let newStartVnode = newCh[0]
    let newEndVnode = newCh[newEndIdx]

    let oldKeyToIdx, idxInOld, vnodeToMove, refElm

    // removeOnly is a special flag used only by <transition-group>
    // to ensure removed elements stay in correct relative positions
    // during leaving transitions
    const canMove = !removeOnly

    if (__DEV__) {
      checkDuplicateKeys(newCh)
    }

    while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
      if (isUndef(oldStartVnode)) {
        oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx] // Vnode has been moved left
      } else if (isUndef(oldEndVnode)) {
        oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
      } else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode)) {
        patchVnode(
          oldStartVnode,
          newStartVnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          newCh,
          newStartIdx
        )
        oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
        newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
      } else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode)) {
        patchVnode(
          oldEndVnode,
          newEndVnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          newCh,
          newEndIdx
        )
        oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
        newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
      } else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode)) {
        // Vnode moved right
        patchVnode(
          oldStartVnode,
          newEndVnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          newCh,
          newEndIdx
        )
        canMove &&
          nodeOps.insertBefore(
            parentElm,
            oldStartVnode.elm,
            nodeOps.nextSibling(oldEndVnode.elm)
          )
        oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
        newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
      } else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode)) {
        // Vnode moved left
        patchVnode(
          oldEndVnode,
          newStartVnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          newCh,
          newStartIdx
        )
        canMove &&
          nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldEndVnode.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
        oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
        newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
      } else {
        //todo oldKeyToIdx这是啥？
        if (isUndef(oldKeyToIdx))
        //这是取得什么？{key:index}
          oldKeyToIdx = createKeyToOldIdx(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
          //isDef：不是undefind or null
      /***
       *     如果有key  获取key对应的index,
       *     如果没有key，则
       */
        idxInOld = isDef(newStartVnode.key)
          ? oldKeyToIdx[newStartVnode.key]
          : findIdxInOld(newStartVnode, oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
        if (isUndef(idxInOld)) {//如果 oldCh里面没有此节点
          // New element
          createElm(
            newStartVnode,
            insertedVnodeQueue,
            parentElm,
            oldStartVnode.elm,
            false,
            newCh,
            newStartIdx
          )
        } else {//如果 oldCh有此节点
          //那就拿到值
          vnodeToMove = oldCh[idxInOld]
          if (sameVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode)) {
            patchVnode(
              vnodeToMove,
              newStartVnode,
              insertedVnodeQueue,
              newCh,
              newStartIdx
            )
            oldCh[idxInOld] = undefined
            canMove &&
              nodeOps.insertBefore(
                parentElm,
                vnodeToMove.elm,
                oldStartVnode.elm
              )
          } else {
            // same key but different element. treat as new element
            createElm(
              newStartVnode,
              insertedVnodeQueue,
              parentElm,
              oldStartVnode.elm,
              false,
              newCh,
              newStartIdx
            )
          }
        }
        newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
      }
    }
    if (oldStartIdx > oldEndIdx) {
      refElm = isUndef(newCh[newEndIdx + 1]) ? null : newCh[newEndIdx + 1].elm
      addVnodes(
        parentElm,
        refElm,
        newCh,
        newStartIdx,
        newEndIdx,
        insertedVnodeQueue
      )
    } else if (newStartIdx > newEndIdx) {
      removeVnodes(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
    }
  }

  function checkDuplicateKeys(children) {
    const seenKeys = {}
    for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
      const vnode = children[i]
      const key = vnode.key
      if (isDef(key)) {
        if (seenKeys[key]) {
          warn(
            `Duplicate keys detected: '${key}'. This may cause an update error.`,
            vnode.context
          )
        } else {
          seenKeys[key] = true
        }
      }
    }
  }

  //从oldCh找到与node相同的值，返回old对应的i
  function findIdxInOld(node, oldCh, start, end) {
    for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
      const c = oldCh[i]
      if (isDef(c) && sameVnode(node, c)) return i
    }
  }

  function patchVnode(
    oldVnode,
    vnode,
    insertedVnodeQueue,
    ownerArray,
    index,
    removeOnly?: any
  ) {
    if (oldVnode === vnode) {
      return
    }

    if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
      // clone reused vnode
      vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
    }

    const elm = (vnode.elm = oldVnode.elm)

    if (isTrue(oldVnode.isAsyncPlaceholder)) {
      if (isDef(vnode.asyncFactory.resolved)) {
        hydrate(oldVnode.elm, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
      } else {
        vnode.isAsyncPlaceholder = true
      }
      return
    }

    // reuse element for static trees.
    // note we only do this if the vnode is cloned -
    // if the new node is not cloned it means the render functions have been
    // reset by the hot-reload-api and we need to do a proper re-render.
    if (
      isTrue(vnode.isStatic) &&
      isTrue(oldVnode.isStatic) &&
      vnode.key === oldVnode.key &&
      (isTrue(vnode.isCloned) || isTrue(vnode.isOnce))
    ) {
      vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
      return
    }

    let i
    const data = vnode.data
    if (isDef(data) && isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.prepatch))) {
      i(oldVnode, vnode)
    }

    const oldCh = oldVnode.children
    const ch = vnode.children
    if (isDef(data) && isPatchable(vnode)) {
      for (i = 0; i < cbs.update.length; ++i) cbs.update[i](oldVnode, vnode)
      if (isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.update))) i(oldVnode, vnode)
    }
    if (isUndef(vnode.text)) {
      if (isDef(oldCh) && isDef(ch)) {
        if (oldCh !== ch)
          updateChildren(elm, oldCh, ch, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly)
      } else if (isDef(ch)) {
        if (__DEV__) {
          checkDuplicateKeys(ch)
        }
        if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
        addVnodes(elm, null, ch, 0, ch.length - 1, insertedVnodeQueue)
      } else if (isDef(oldCh)) {
        removeVnodes(oldCh, 0, oldCh.length - 1)
      } else if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) {
        nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
      }
    } else if (oldVnode.text !== vnode.text) {
      nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, vnode.text)
    }
    if (isDef(data)) {
      if (isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.postpatch))) i(oldVnode, vnode)
    }
  }