使用c调用python

window

c调用python的原理大概是将python当做一个c++库来调用

导入头文件

将python的头文件复制到项目中，头文件在python安装目录中

在vs项目属性中的vc++目录的包含目录添加头文件路径

导入库文件

库文件在python安装目录的libs文件夹中

在vs项目属性中的vc++目录的库目录添加库文件所在文件路径

添加附加依赖项
python37.lib
python3.lib
python37_d.lib

添加二进制文件

需要的二进制文件有 python3*.dll、python3.dll、DLLs、Lib文件夹(注意Lib中的site-packages文件的第三方python库按实际需要增减)

使用api调用python代码

initializer.h

#pragma once
#include <Python.h>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <Windows.h>
#elif defined __APPLE__

#endif
#include "utils.h"

class initializer {
public:
	initializer() {

	#ifdef _WIN32
	#include <Windows.h>
		SetDllDirectory(TEXT("python37\\"));
	#elif defined __APPLE__

	#endif
		Py_SetPythonHome(string2wstring(get_executable_dir()).c_str());
		Py_Initialize();
		PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
		PyRun_SimpleString("sys.argv.append('1')");
		//PyRun_SimpleString("print(sys.path)");
	}
	~initializer() {
		Py_Finalize();
	}
};

utils.h

#include <iostream>


std::string get_executable_dir();
std::string wstring2string(const std::wstring& ws);
std::wstring string2wstring(const std::string& s);

utils_win.cpp

#include "utils.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <comutil.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib , "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib , "comsuppw.lib")
std::string get_executable_dir() {
	 std::string exeDir = "";
	char szExeName[MAX_PATH] = {0,};
	volatile int lastIndex = 0;
	::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, szExeName, MAX_PATH);
	exeDir = szExeName;
	lastIndex = exeDir.find_last_of("\\") + 1;
	exeDir = exeDir.substr(0, lastIndex);
	return exeDir;
}
std::string wstring2string(const wstring& ws)
{
	_bstr_t t = ws.c_str();
	char* pchar = (char*)t;
	string result = pchar;
	return result;
}
std::wstring string2wstring(const string& s)
{
	_bstr_t t = s.c_str();
	wchar_t* pwchar = (wchar_t*)t;
	wstring result = pwchar;
	return result;
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "initializer.h"

using namespace std;
initializer  initer;

void call_main() {
	char* result;
	PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("test");
	Sleep(0);
	if (pModule == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		cout << "module not found" << endl;
		return ;
	}

	PyObject* pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "main");
	if (!pFunc || !PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {
		PyErr_Print();
		cout << "not found function init" << endl;
		return ;
	}
	
	PyObject* pReturn = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	PyErr_Print();
}
void inputArgs(int argc, char** argv) {

	PyRun_SimpleString((string("sys.argv[0] = '") + argv[0] + "'").c_str());
	if(argc>1)
		for (int i=1;i<argc;i++)
			PyRun_SimpleString((string("sys.argv.append('")+argv[i]+"')").c_str());
}
int main(int argc,char ** argv)
{

	inputArgs(argc, argv);
	call_main();
	

	return 0;
}

编译出exe后在当前目录建立test.py
test.py

def main():
	print("hello world!")

将python3*.dll、python3.dll、DLLs、Lib文件夹放入exe当前目录即可执行成功

Macos

修改install_name
install_name_tool -change /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Python @loader_path/Python CPython++