小学四则运算编程实践

标签：fractions 编程题目 int 小学四则运算 numerator denominator result

小学四则运算编程实践

要求：
从《构建之法》第一章的 “程序” 例子出发，像阿超那样，花二十分钟写一个能自动生成小学四则运算题目的命令行 “软件”，满足以下需求：
（以下参考博客链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/jiel/p/4810756.html）

使用C实现四则运算
参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/saiwa/articles/5253713.html学习参数传递，使用 -n 参数控制生成题目的个数，例如
Myapp -n 10 -o Exercise.txt
将生成10个题目,题目保存在Exeercise.txmt。
使用 -r 参数控制题目中数值（自然数、真分数和真分数分母）的范围，例如
Myapp -r 10
将生成10以内（不包括10）的四则运算题目。该参数可以设置为1或其他自然数。该参数必须给定，否则程序报错并给出帮助信息。
生成的题目中如果存在形如e1 ÷ e2的子表达式，那么其结果应是真分数。
每道题目中出现的运算符个数不超过3个。
程序一次运行生成的题目不能重复，即任何两道题目不能通过有限次交换+和×左右的算术表达式变换为同一道题目。例如，23 + 45 = 和45 + 23 = 是重复的题目，6 × 8 = 和8 × 6 = 也是重复的题目。3+(2+1)和1+2+3这两个题目是重复的，由于+是左结合的，1+2+3等价于(1+2)+3，也就是3+(1+2)，也就是3+(2+1)。但是1+2+3和3+2+1是不重复的两道题，因为1+2+3等价于(1+2)+3，而3+2+1等价于(3+2)+1，它们之间不能通过有限次交换变成同一个题目。
生成的题目存入执行程序的当前目录下的Exercises.txt文件，格式如下：
1. 四则运算题目1
2. 四则运算题目2
  ……

其中真分数在输入输出时采用如下格式，真分数五分之三表示为3/5，真分数二又八分之三表示为2’3/8。
6. 在生成题目的同时，计算出所有题目的答案，并存入执行程序的当前目录下的Answers.txt文件，格式如下：
1. 答案1
2. 答案2

特别的，真分数的运算如下例所示：1/6 + 1/8 = 7/24。

程序应能支持一万道题目的生成。
程序支持对给定的题目文件和答案文件，判定答案中的对错并进行数量统计，并会输出所有题目中重复的题目，输入参数如下：
Myapp -e .txt -a .txt -o Grade.txt

统计结果输出到文件Grade.txt，格式如下：

Correct: 5 (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
Wrong: 5 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
Repeat:2
RepeatDetail:
(1) 2,45+32 Repeat 3,32+45
(2) 5,3+(2+1) Repeat 7,1+2+3

解释：
Correct: 5 ----5道题目正确，正确的题号 1,3,5,7,9
Wrong:5 -----5道题目错误，错误的题号 2,4,6,8,10
Repeat:2 2---组题目重复
(1) 第一组题号2，题目 45+32 与题号3的题目重复，题号3为 32+45
(2)第二组题号5，题目 3+(2+1) 与题号7的题目重复，题号7为 1+2+3

其中“:”后面的数字5表示对/错的题目的数量，括号内的是对/错题目的编号。为简单起见，假设输入的题目都是按照顺序编号的符合规范的题目。
基本实现代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

#define MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN 100

typedef struct {
    int numerator;
    int denominator;
} Fraction;

// 生成指定范围内的随机整数
int getRandomInt(int min, int max) {
    return rand() % (max - min) + min;
}

// 生成真分数
Fraction generateFraction(int range) {
    Fraction fraction;
    fraction.numerator = getRandomInt(1, range);
    fraction.denominator = getRandomInt(fraction.numerator + 1, range + 1);
    return fraction;
}

// 生成四则运算表达式
void generateExpression(int range, char* expression) {
    int operatorCount = 0;
    char operators[3] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'};
    Fraction fractions[4];

    while (operatorCount < 3) {
        int index = operatorCount * 2;
        fractions[index] = generateFraction(range);
        fractions[index + 1] = generateFraction(range);

        // 判断是否需要生成真分数结果
        if (operators[operatorCount] == '/') {
            while (fractions[index].numerator % fractions[index].denominator == 0 ||
                   fractions[index].denominator % fractions[index].numerator == 0) {
                fractions[index] = generateFraction(range);
                fractions[index + 1] = generateFraction(range);
            }
        }

        operatorCount++;
    }

    sprintf(expression, "%d/%d %c %d/%d %c %d/%d %c %d/%d",
            fractions[0].numerator, fractions[0].denominator, operators[0],
            fractions[1].numerator, fractions[1].denominator, operators[1],
            fractions[2].numerator, fractions[2].denominator, operators[2],
            fractions[3].numerator, fractions[3].denominator);
}

// 将真分数转换为字符串
void fractionToString(Fraction fraction, char* str) {
    if (fraction.numerator == 0) {
        strcpy(str, "0");
    } else if (fraction.numerator < fraction.denominator) {
        sprintf(str, "%d/%d", fraction.numerator, fraction.denominator);
    } else {
        int integerPart = fraction.numerator / fraction.denominator;
        int numerator = fraction.numerator % fraction.denominator;
        sprintf(str, "%d'%d/%d", integerPart, numerator, fraction.denominator);
    }
}

// 计算真分数的加法
Fraction addFractions(Fraction fraction1, Fraction fraction2) {
    Fraction result;
    result.denominator = fraction1.denominator * fraction2.denominator;
    result.numerator = fraction1.numerator * fraction2.denominator +
                       fraction2.numerator * fraction1.denominator;
    return result;
}

// 计算真分数的减法
Fraction subtractFractions(Fraction fraction1, Fraction fraction2) {
    Fraction result;
    result.denominator = fraction1.denominator * fraction2.denominator;
    result.numerator = fraction1.numerator * fraction2.denominator -
                       fraction2.numerator * fraction1.denominator;
    return result;
}

// 计算真分数的乘法
Fraction multiplyFractions(Fraction fraction1, Fraction fraction2) {
    Fraction result;
    result.denominator = fraction1.denominator * fraction2.denominator;
    result.numerator = fraction1.numerator * fraction2.numerator;
    return result;
}

// 计算真分数的除法
Fraction divideFractions(Fraction fraction1, Fraction fraction2) {
    Fraction result;
    result.denominator = fraction1.denominator * fraction2.numerator;
    result.numerator = fraction1.numerator * fraction2.denominator;
    return result;
}

// 简化真分数
void simplifyFraction(Fraction* fraction) {
    int gcd = 1;
    int min = (fraction->numerator < fraction->denominator)
                  ? fraction->numerator
                  : fraction->denominator;

    for (int i = 1; i <= min; i++) {
        if (fraction->numerator % i == 0 && fraction->denominator % i == 0) {
            gcd = i;
        }
    }

    fraction->numerator /= gcd;
    fraction->denominator /= gcd;
}

// 计算四则运算表达式的结果
Fraction calculateResult(char* expression) {
    char* token;
    Fraction fractions[4];
    char operators[3];

    // 解析表达式
    token = strtok(expression, " ");
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        sscanf(token, "%d/%d", &fractions[i].numerator, &fractions[i].denominator);
        token = strtok(NULL, " ");
    }

    token = strtok(NULL, " ");
    sscanf(token, "%c", &operators[0]);
    token = strtok(NULL, " ");
    sscanf(token, "%c", &operators[1]);
    token = strtok(NULL, " ");
    sscanf(token, "%c", &operators[2]);

    // 计算结果
    Fraction result;

    if (operators[0] == '+') {
        result = addFractions(fractions[0], fractions[1]);
    } else {
        result = subtractFractions(fractions[0], fractions[1]);
    }

    if (operators[1] == '*') {
        result = multiplyFractions(result, fractions[2]);
    } else {
        result = divideFractions(result, fractions[2]);
    }

    if (operators[2] == '+') {
        result = addFractions(result, fractions[3]);
    } else {
        result = subtractFractions(result, fractions[3]);
    }

    simplifyFraction(&result);
    return result;
}

// 保存题目至文件
void saveExercisesToFile(char* exercises, char* filename) {
    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (file != NULL) {
        fprintf(file, "%s", exercises);
        fclose(file);
    } else {
        printf("Failed to open file: %s\n", filename);
    }
}

// 保存答案至文件
void saveAnswersToFile(char* answers, char* filename) {
    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (file != NULL) {
        fprintf(file, "%s", answers);
        fclose(file);
    } else {
        printf("Failed to open file: %s\n", filename);
    }
}

// 判断题目是否重复
int isExerciseRepeated(char* exercises[], int count, char* exercise) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (strcmp(exercises[i], exercise) == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

// 检查答案文件并统计结果
void checkAnswers(char* exercisefile, char* answerfile, char* gradefile) {
    FILE* exerciseFile = fopen(exercisefile, "r");
    FILE* answerFile = fopen(answerfile, "r");
    FILE* gradeFile = fopen(gradefile, "w");

    if (exerciseFile == NULL || answerFile == NULL || gradeFile == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to open file.\n");
        return;
    }

    char line[256];
    int correctCount = 0;
    int wrongCount = 0;
    int repeatCount = 0;

    char repeatedExercises[100][MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
    char repeatedDetails[100][MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];

    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), exerciseFile)) {
        char exercise[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
        char userAnswer[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
        char correctAnswer[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];

        sscanf(line, "%[^=]=%s", exercise, userAnswer);

        fgets(line, sizeof(line), answerFile);
        sscanf(line, "%[^\n]", correctAnswer);

        if (strcmp(correctAnswer, userAnswer) == 0) {
            correctCount++;
        } else {
            wrongCount++;

            if (isExerciseRepeated(repeatedExercises, repeatCount, exercise)) {
                strcpy(repeatedDetails[repeatCount], exercise);
                strcat(repeatedDetails[repeatCount], " Repeat ");
                strcat(repeatedDetails[repeatCount], repeatedExercises[repeatCount]);
                repeatCount++;
            } else {
                strcpy(repeatedExercises[repeatCount], exercise);
            }
        }
    }

    fprintf(gradeFile, "Correct: %d (", correctCount);
    for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {
        fprintf(gradeFile, "%d", i + 1);
        if (i < repeatCount - 1) {
            fprintf(gradeFile, ", ");
        }
    }
    fprintf(gradeFile, ")\n");

    fprintf(gradeFile, "Wrong: %d (", wrongCount);
    for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {
        fprintf(gradeFile, "%d", i + 1);
        if (i < repeatCount - 1) {
            fprintf(gradeFile, ", ");
        }
    }
    fprintf(gradeFile, ")\n");

    fprintf(gradeFile, "Repeat: %d\n", repeatCount);
    fprintf(gradeFile, "RepeatDetail:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {
        fprintf(gradeFile, "(%d)\t%s\t%s\n", i + 1, repeatedExercises[i], repeatedDetails[i]);
    }

    fclose(exerciseFile);
    fclose(answerFile);
    fclose(gradeFile);

    printf("Check answers complete. Results saved to %s\n", gradefile);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    int exerciseCount = 0;
    int range = 0;
    char exercises[10000][MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
    char answers[10000][MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];

    // 解析命令行参数
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i += 2) {
        if (strcmp(argv[i], "-n") == 0) {
            exerciseCount = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0) {
            strcpy(exercises[0], argv[i + 1]);
            strcat(exercises[0], "\n");
            strcpy(answers[0], argv[i + 1]);
            strcat(answers[0], "\n");
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-r") == 0) {
            range = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
        }
    }

    if (exerciseCount <= 0 || range <= 0) {
        printf("Invalid arguments.\n");
        return 0;
    }

    srand(time(NULL));

    // 生成题目和答案
    for (int i = 1; i < exerciseCount; i++) {
        char expression[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
        generateExpression(range, expression);

        Fraction result = calculateResult(expression);

        char exercise[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
        sprintf(exercise, "%d. %s = ", i, expression);
        strcpy(exercises[i], exercise);

        char answer[MAX_EXPRESSION_LEN];
        fractionToString(result, answer);
        strcpy(answers[i], answer);
    }

    // 保存题目和答案至文件
    saveExercisesToFile(exercises[0], "Exercises.txt");
    saveAnswersToFile(answers[0], "Answers.txt");

    // 检查答案并统计结果
    checkAnswers("Exercises.txt", "Answers.txt", "Grade.txt");

    return 0;
}

在命令行中运行可执行文件，按照要求的参数格式来生成题目和检查答案。
例如，要生成10道题目并保存至Exercises.txt文件中，题目数值范围为10，可以执行以下命令：
Myapp -n 10 -o Exercises.txt -r 10
要检查答案并统计结果，可以执行以下命令：
Myapp -e Exercises.txt -a Answers.txt -o Grade.txt
生成的题目和答案将分别保存在Exercises.txt和Answers.txt文件中，检查结果将保存在Grade.txt文件中。

标签：fractions,编程,题目,int,小学,四则运算,numerator,denominator,result
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/raymongillichmks/p/17839109.html

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