2、性能更高的第三方库 HttpRouter
2.1 HttpRouter 与 net/http 比较
-
HttpRouter 相较于 Go语言官方库
net/http性能更高，它支持URL中携带访问参数、支持多种访问类型(GET、POST、PUT、DELETE)。性能对比参考：https://github.com/julienschmidt/go-http-routing-benchmark -
精确的路径匹配。对比
net/http中的 ServeMux，ServeMux 请求的URL路径可以匹配多个模式，它有多种模式优先级规则，如最长前缀匹配、首次匹配。而 HttpRouter 对于每种URL请求路径，一个请求只能完全匹配一个或没有路由。 -
net/http底层采用 map来存储 pattern 和 handler。而 HttpRouter 采用带有优先级节点的树状结构进行存储，对于每一种请求方式，它都维护了一棵单独的优先级树，相较于net\http的map存储结构而言，占用空间更小，并且在查找URL对应的Handler时速度更快。
2.2 嵌入中间件
2.2.1 服务于多个领域主机
当前服务器有多个领域主机，实现多个领域主机都能访问到web资源。
type HostSwitch map[string]http.Handler //定义多个主机地址到Handler的映射
func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
fmt.Fprintln(w, "hello gopher!")
}
func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}
func (hs HostSwitch) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { //重定义ServeHTTP方法
if handler := hs[r.Host]; handler != nil {
handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
} else {
http.Error(w, "Forbidden", 403)
}
}
func TestHttpRouterMiddlewares(t *testing.T) {
router := httprouter.New()
router.GET("/", Index)
router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)
//注册多host
hs := make(HostSwitch)
hs["example.com:12345"] = router
hs["localhost:12345"] = router
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":12345", hs))
}
2.2.2 基础身份验证
//闭包实现身份验证,验证参考 Basic Authentication (RFC 2617) for handles
func BasicAuth(h httprouter.Handle, requiredUser, requiredPass string) httprouter.Handle {
return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
user, password, hasAuth := request.BasicAuth()
if hasAuth && user == requiredUser && password == requiredPass {
h(writer, request, params)
} else {
writer.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=Restricted")
http.Error(writer, http.StatusText(http.StatusUnauthorized), http.StatusUnauthorized)
}
}
}
func Protected(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
fmt.Fprint(w, "Protected!\n")
}
func TestHttpRouterMiddlewares2(t *testing.T) {
user := "user"
password := "123456"
router := httprouter.New()
router.GET("/", Index)
router.GET("/protected/", BasicAuth(Protected, user, password))
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}