0x01 准备
(1)软件版本
- IntelliJ IDEA 2023.1.3
- JDK 18
- Tomcat 10.1.11
- Maven 3.8.6
(2)技术栈
- servlet
- zxing
- 谷歌项目
- 生成黑白二维码并可以附上 logo
- qrcode
- github 开源项目
- 基于并拓展 zxing
(3)创建项目
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创建空项目
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在 菜单栏-文件-项目结构 中设置 JDK 及语言级别
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在 菜单栏-文件-设置-构建-构建工具-Maven 中配置 Maven 路径与用户设置文件 \apache-maven-3.8.6\conf\settings.xml
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在项目中创建新模块
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在新模块中通过“添加框架支持”添加 Web Application 4.0
- 取消“创建 web.xml ”的选中
- 在项目结构中选择 模块-[模块名称]-Web-Web 资源目录,修改资源目录为项目中 web 的路径,如 [project_name]\[module_name]\web
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修改 pom.xml
<!-- 打包方式 --> <packaging>war</packaging> <!-- 添加依赖 --> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jakarta.servlet/jakarta.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>6.0.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- zxing 依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>javase</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- zxing 需要 commons-lang 依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
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在 菜单栏-运行-编辑配置 中配置 Tomcat 服务器
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添加新配置,选择 Tomcat 本地服务器
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在 部署栏 中选择添加工件,选择 [module_name]:war exploded
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修改 应用上下文 为 /[module_name]
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修改 Tomcat 目录下 /conf/logging.properties 文件的内容以避免调试日志乱码
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK
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0x02 zxing
(1)创建基础二维码图片
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在 web/index.jsp 中编辑前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>QRCode</title> </head> <body> <p>输入文本:<input type="text" id="url" /><button onclick="generateQRCode()">生成二维码</button></p> <img id="qrcodeImg" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function generateQRCode() { document.getElementById("qrcodeImg").src = "/myqrcode/generate?url=" + document.getElementById("url").value } </script> </body> </html>
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新建 src/main/java/com.qrcode.servlets 包并新建 GenerateQRCode.java
package com.qrcode.servlets; public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet { }
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在类中继承 HttpServlet 类并重写
doGet()
方法@WebServlet("/generate") public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // super.doGet(req, resp); } }
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在方法中创建 Map 集合来储存二维码相关属性
Map map = new HashMap(); // 设置二维码的误差校正级别 map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); // 设置二维码的字符集 map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8"); // 设置二维码四周的留白 map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
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校正级别(二维码中最大坏像素点占比):
L - 7% M - 15% Q - 25% H - 30%
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获取文本对象
String url = req.getParameter("url");
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创建 zxing 的核心对象
MultiFormatWriter writer = new MultiFormatWriter();
- MultiFormatWriter(多格式写入器)是一个便捷的二维码生成类,可以根据传入的 BarcodeFormat 参数,生成对应的二维码
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传入二维码参数并获取宽高
BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map); int height = bitMatrix.getHeight(); int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
- BarcodeFormat(码格式)是枚举类,用来指定二维码格式
- QR_CODE:最常见二维码格式之一
- AZTEC:高密度高可靠二维码格式
- PDF_417:储存大量信息的二维码格式
- DATA_MATRIX:一种小巧的二维码格/式
- BitMatrix(位矩阵对象)是表示二维码矩阵的数据结构,实际上是一个紧凑型的布尔型二维数组,常用于将编码后的信息转化为矩阵类型,具有以下方法
getHeight()
:获取矩阵高度getWidth()
:获取矩阵宽度get(x, y)
:获取指定位置的坐标值,值为true
(黑色块)或false
(白色块)
- BarcodeFormat(码格式)是枚举类,用来指定二维码格式
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生成二维码
// 创建图片对象 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 遍历位矩阵对象,创建图像 for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF); } }
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将图片返回到浏览器
ServletOutputStream servletOutputStream = resp.getOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(image, "png", servletOutputStream); servletOutputStream.flush(); servletOutputStream.close();
完整代码:
package com.qrcode.servlets;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/generate")
public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String url = req.getParameter("url");
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
MultiFormatWriter writer = new MultiFormatWriter();
BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map);
int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
}
}
ServletOutputStream servletOutputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(image, "png", servletOutputStream);
servletOutputStream.flush();
servletOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(2)带 logo 的二维码生成
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修改前端页面 index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>QRCode</title> </head> <body> <form action="/myqrcode/generate" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 输入文本:<input type="text" name="url" /><br /> logo:<input type="file" name="logo" /><br /> <input type="submit" value="生成二维码"> </form> </body> </html>
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添加文件上传注释
@MultipartConfig(fileSizeThreshold = 1024 * 1024 * 2, maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10, maxRequestSize = 1024 * 1024 * 100)
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在 GenerateQRCode.java 中获取上传的 Logo
Part logoPart = req.getPart("logo"); InputStream inputStream = logoPart.getInputStream(); Image logoImage = ImageIO.read(inputStream);
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使用平滑缩放算法进行缩放
int logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth(null); int logoHeight = logoImage.getHeight(null); logoWidth = logoWidth > 60 ? 60 : logoWidth; logoHeight = logoHeight > 60 ? 60 : logoHeight; Image logoImageScaledInstance = logoImage.getScaledInstance(logoWidth, logoHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
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获取 2D 画笔
Graphics2D graphics2D = image.createGraphics();
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指定开始作画的坐标
int x = (300 - logoWidth) / 2; int y = (300 - logoHeight) / 2;
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绘制 Logo
graphics2D.drawImage(logoImageScaledInstance, x, y, null);
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绘制圆角矩形
Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, logoWidth, logoHeight, 10, 10); graphics2D.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4f)); graphics2D.draw(shape);
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释放画笔
graphics2D.dispose();
完整代码:
package com.qrcode.servlets;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.Part;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/generate")
@MultipartConfig(fileSizeThreshold = 1024 * 1024 * 2, maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10, maxRequestSize = 1024 * 1024 * 100)
public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String url = req.getParameter("url");
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
MultiFormatWriter writer = new MultiFormatWriter();
BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map);
int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
}
}
Part logoPart = req.getPart("logo");
InputStream inputStream = logoPart.getInputStream();
Image logoImage = ImageIO.read(inputStream);
int logoWidth = logoImage.getWidth(null);
int logoHeight = logoImage.getHeight(null);
logoWidth = Math.min(logoWidth, 60);
logoHeight = Math.min(logoHeight, 60);
Image logoImageScaledInstance = logoImage.getScaledInstance(logoWidth, logoHeight, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
Graphics2D graphics2D = image.createGraphics();
int x = (300 - logoWidth) / 2;
int y = (300 - logoHeight) / 2;
graphics2D.drawImage(logoImageScaledInstance, x, y, null);
Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, logoWidth, logoHeight, 10, 10);
graphics2D.setStroke(new BasicStroke(4f));
graphics2D.draw(shape);
graphics2D.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "png", resp.getOutputStream());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
0x03 qrcode
在 pom.xml 中添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.github.liuyueyi.media</groupId> <artifactId>qrcode-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </dependency>
(1)黑白二维码
package com.qrcode.servlets;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/generate")
public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String url = req.getParameter("url");
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url).asBufferedImage();
ImageIO.write(image, "png", resp.getOutputStream());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
of()
:设置二维码内容asBufferedImage()
:生成二维码图片
(2)logo 二维码
package com.qrcode.servlets;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeGenWrapper;
import com.github.hui.quick.plugin.qrcode.wrapper.QrCodeOptions;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/generate")
@MultipartConfig(fileSizeThreshold = 1024 * 1024 * 2, maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10, maxRequestSize = 1024 * 1024 * 100)
public class GenerateQRCode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String url = req.getParameter("url");
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
.setLogo(req.getPart("logo").getInputStream())
.setLogoRate(7)
.setLogoStyle(QrCodeOptions.LogoStyle.ROUND)
.asBufferedImage();
ImageIO.write(image, "png", resp.getOutputStream());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
setLogo()
:设置 Logo 文件setLogoRate(x)
:设置 Logo 缩放比,logo 宽高占二维码宽高的 x 分之一setLogoStyle()
:设置 Logo 样式
(3)彩色二维码
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
.setDrawPreColor(Color.BLUE)
.asBufferedImage();
setDrawPreColor()
:设置前景色
(4)背景图二维码
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
.setBgImg(req.getPart("logo").getInputStream())
.setBgOpacity(0.7F)
.asBufferedImage();
setBgImg()
:设置背景图setBgOpacity()
:设置背景图透明度
(5)特殊形状二维码
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
.setDrawEnableScale(true)
.setDrawStyle(QrCodeOptions.DrawStyle.DIAMOND)
.asBufferedImage();
setDrawEnableScale(true)
:启用二维码绘制时的缩放功能setDrawStyle()
:设置绘制样式
(6)图片填充二维码
BufferedImage image = QrCodeGenWrapper.of(url)
.setErrorCorrection(ErrorCorrectionLevel.H)
.setDrawStyle(QrCodeOptions.DrawStyle.IMAGE)
.addImg(1, 1, req.getPart("logo").getInputStream())
.asBufferedImage();
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setErrorCorrection()
:设置二维码的错误校正级别 -
setDrawStyle()
:绘制二维码时采用图片填充 -
addImg()
:添加图片
-End-
标签:Java,jakarta,image,生成,二维码,com,import,servlet From: https://www.cnblogs.com/SRIGT/p/17659924.html