Python使用 - 多线程

常见术语及用法

基本使用

# 定义线程类
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__() # 或 threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    def run(self) -> None:
        tid = threading.currentThread().ident
        tname = threading.currentThread().getName()
        print("===== 线程开始: id: %d, name: %s" % (tid, tname))
        # 线程休眠
        time.sleep(5)
        print("===== 线程结束: id: %d, name: %s" % (tid, tname))

 
print("主线程: id: %d, name: %s" % (threading.currentThread().ident, threading.currentThread().name))

# 创建线程
thread1 = MyThread()
# 启动线程
thread1.start()
# 主线程等待thread1线程结束
thread1.join()

print("主线程退出")

线程同步

多个人从苹果箱子里取苹果吃（这个苹果箱比较特殊，类似抽奖箱，一次只能伸一只手进去，且规定一次只能拿一个苹果）

import threading
import time
import random

class AppleBox:
    def __init__(self, apple_num: int):
        self.apple_num = apple_num
        self.res_lock = threading.Lock()

    def get(self):
        while True:
            self.res_lock.acquire()
            tid = threading.currentThread().ident
            tname = threading.currentThread().getName()
            t_apple_num = self.apple_num
            print("===== 线程: id: %d, name: %s, 从箱子里拿到了%s号苹果, 走到边上开始吃苹果" % (tid, tname, t_apple_num))
            self.apple_num -= 1
            is_empty = self.apple_num <= 0
            self.res_lock.release()

            # 线程休眠, 模拟吃苹果时间
            time.sleep(random.randint(3, 5))
            print("===== 线程: id: %d, name: %s, 吃完%s号苹果" % (tid, tname, t_apple_num))
            if is_empty:
                break
            
            
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, apple_box: AppleBox):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__() # 或 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.apple_box = apple_box

    def run(self) -> None:
        self.apple_box.get()


apple_box = AppleBox(5)
thread_list = []
for i in range(3):
    # 创建线程
    thread1 = MyThread(apple_box)
    # 启动线程
    thread1.start()
    thread_list.append(thread1)

# 主线程等待上面的线程执行完毕
for t in thread_list:
    t.join()

print("退出主线程")

参考
Java并发编程基础：线程与同步 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

走进并发，线程同步与线程通信全解析 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

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