Python 类别别名 type alias

Type aliases

Type aliases are defined by simple variable assignments:

Url = str

def retry(url: Url, retry_count: int) -> None: ...

Note that we recommend capitalizing alias names, since they represent user-defined types, which (like user-defined classes) are typically spelled that way.

Type aliases may be as complex as type hints in annotations – anything that is acceptable as a type hint is acceptable in a type alias:

from typing import TypeVar, Iterable, Tuple

T = TypeVar('T', int, float, complex)
Vector = Iterable[Tuple[T, T]]

def inproduct(v: Vector[T]) -> T:
    return sum(x*y for x, y in v)
def dilate(v: Vector[T], scale: T) -> Vector[T]:
    return ((x * scale, y * scale) for x, y in v)
vec = []  # type: Vector[float]

This is equivalent to:

from typing import TypeVar, Iterable, Tuple

T = TypeVar('T', int, float, complex)

def inproduct(v: Iterable[Tuple[T, T]]) -> T:
    return sum(x*y for x, y in v)
def dilate(v: Iterable[Tuple[T, T]], scale: T) -> Iterable[Tuple[T, T]]:
    return ((x * scale, y * scale) for x, y in v)
vec = []  # type: Iterable[Tuple[float, float]]

ref: https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#type-aliases