Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎,基于RESTful 的API接口。Elasticsearch是用Java语言开发的,并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布,是非常流行的企业级搜索引擎。官方支持的客户端语言包括Java、.NET(C#)、PHP、Python、Apache Groovy、Ruby等。根据DB-Engines的排名显示,Elasticsearch是最受欢迎的企业搜索引擎,其次是Apache Solr,而Solr也是基于Lucene开发的。
Elasticsearch的安装方式有许多,官方也特别希望能够在公有云上部署。本文选择最简单的方式,直接在自己掌握的主机(ip:172.29.30.155)上安装。其安装过程如下所述:
# 这个安装过程也有可能非常慢。 wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg] https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/8.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-8.x.list sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y elasticsearch
另一个简单的办法就是直接下载安装包。从官网上下载:
# 在ubuntu bionic目标机的终端下 wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.3.2-amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i elasticsearch-8.3.2-amd64.deb
这种方式的好处是可以复制deb文件以多个计算机上,从而节省下载时间。需要安装的目标计算机越多,这种方式越合算。
在ubuntu bionic下,可以使用systemd对其进行管理。相关命令如下:
sudo /bin/systemctl daemon-reload # 自动启动 sudo /bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch # 启动 sudo systemctl start elasticsearch # 查看状态 sudo systemctl status elasticsearch # 如果出现错误,可以查看日志。 journalctl -f journalctl -u elasticsearch # 停止 sudo systemctl stop elasticsearch # 重置口令,人工指定 /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic -i # 重置口令,自动生成 /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic # 测试之 curl --cacert /etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic https://localhost:9200 curl --cacert /etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic https://172.29.30.155:9200
获得的响应类似下列信息:
{ "name" : "dbservers", "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch", "cluster_uuid" : "LFs6cpSHTSqLqbx6lRgkvw", "version" : { "number" : "8.3.2", "build_type" : "deb", "build_hash" : "8b0b1f23fbebecc3c88e4464319dea8989f374fd", "build_date" : "2022-07-06T15:15:15.901688194Z", "build_snapshot" : false, "lucene_version" : "9.2.0", "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.17.0", "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0" }, "tagline" : "You Know, for Search" }
Elasticsearch的功能非常复杂,需要下功夫学习,本文只从python的角度来使用这个工具。官方推荐的模块安装如下:
pip install elasticsearch # 为了能够完成安全验证,需要下载相关的证书到本地 scp [email protected]:/etc/elasticsearch/certs/http_ca.crt .
完成后,以下代码简单示例了如何插入记录:
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch from datetime import datetime serverip = "172.29.30.155" cafile = r"d:\http_ca.crt" ELASTIC_PASSWORD = "88488848" indexname = "poetry" index = 0 def connect(): client = Elasticsearch( f"https://{serverip}:9200", ca_certs=cafile, basic_auth=("elastic", ELASTIC_PASSWORD)) return client def docgen(author, content): doc = {'author': author, 'text': content, 'timestamp': datetime.now(), } return doc def insert(con, id, doc): resp = con.index(index=indexname, id=id, document=doc) return resp['result'] def getbyindex(con, id): resp = con.get(index=indexname, id=id) return resp['_source'] def list(con): resp = con.search(index=indexname, query={"match_all": {}}) print("Got %d Hits:" % resp['hits']['total']['value']) for hit in resp['hits']['hits']: print("%(timestamp)s %(author)s: %(text)s" % hit["_source"]) def search(con, str): resp = con.search(index=indexname, query={"match": {"text": str}}) print("Got %d Hits:" % resp['hits']['total']['value']) for hit in resp['hits']['hits']: print("%(timestamp)s %(author)s: %(text)s" % hit["_source"]) # 连接 con = connect() # 插入记录 index += 1 doc = docgen("李白", "天生我才必有用") print(insert(con, index, doc)) index += 1 doc = docgen("杜甫", "功盖三分国,名成八阵图,江流石不转,遗恨失吞吴") print(insert(con, index, doc)) # 准确获得记录 print(getbyindex(con, 1)) # 列出所有记录 list(con) # 使用搜索功能,找到相关记录 search(con, "天生")
上述代码只是简单地插入了2条记录。真正要发挥作用搜索引擎的能力,必须要将大量的信息导入,同时也要建设集群系统,这部分的内容请阅读官网相关资料,本文不再重复。
标签:三十二,elastic,index,Python,resp,sudo,elasticsearch,工具箱,con From: https://www.cnblogs.com/shanxihualu/p/17402413.html