一.Socket的概念
Socket其实并不是一个协议,而是为了方便使用TCP或UDP而抽象出来的一层,是位于应用层和传输控制层之间的一组接口.
当两台主机通信是,必须通过Socket连接,Socket则利用TCP/IP协议建立TCP连接.TCP连接则更依赖于底层的IP协议.Socket是控制层传输协议.
双向的通信连接实现数据的交换,连接的一端成为一个Socket.
二.网络通信三要素
IP地址(网络上主机设备的唯一标识)
端口号(定位程序)
有效端口:0~65535,其中0~1024由系统使用,开发中一般使用1024以上端口.
传输协议(用什么样的方式进行交互)
常见协议:TCP(面向连接,提供可靠的服务),UDP(无连接,传输速度快)
三.Socket的通信流程
四.C#中Socket的简单使用步骤
第一步:服务端监听某个端口
第二步:客户端向服务端地址和端口发起Socket请求
第三步:服务器接收连接请求后创建Socket连接,并维护这个连接队列
第四步:客户端和服务端就建立起了双工同信,客户端与服务端就可以实现彼此发送消息
五.简单代码实例
1.服务端代码
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Net;
5 using System.Net.Sockets;
6 using System.Text;
7 using System.Threading;
8
9 namespace SocketUtil
10 {
11 public class SocketServer
12 {
13 private string _ip = string.Empty;
14 private int _port = 0;
15 private Socket _socket = null;
16 private byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 2];
17 /// <summary>
18 /// 构造函数
19 /// </summary>
20 /// <param name="ip">监听的IP</param>
21 /// <param name="port">监听的端口</param>
22 public SocketServer(string ip, int port)
23 {
24 this._ip = ip;
25 this._port = port;
26 }
27 public SocketServer(int port)
28 {
29 this._ip = "0.0.0.0";
30 this._port = port;
31 }
32
33 public void StartListen()
34 {
35 try
36 {
37 //1.0 实例化套接字(IP4寻找协议,流式协议,TCP协议)
38 _socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
39 //2.0 创建IP对象
40 IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse(_ip);
41 //3.0 创建网络端口,包括ip和端口
42 IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(address, _port);
43 //4.0 绑定套接字
44 _socket.Bind(endPoint);
45 //5.0 设置最大连接数
46 _socket.Listen(int.MaxValue);
47 Console.WriteLine("监听{0}消息成功", _socket.LocalEndPoint.ToString());
48 //6.0 开始监听
49 Thread thread = new Thread(ListenClientConnect);
50 thread.Start();
51
52 }
53 catch (Exception ex)
54 {
55 }
56 }
57 /// <summary>
58 /// 监听客户端连接
59 /// </summary>
60 private void ListenClientConnect()
61 {
62 try
63 {
64 while (true)
65 {
66 //Socket创建的新连接
67 Socket clientSocket = _socket.Accept();
68 clientSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("服务端发送消息:"));
69 Thread thread = new Thread(ReceiveMessage);
70 thread.Start(clientSocket);
71 }
72 }
73 catch (Exception)
74 {
75 }
76 }
77
78 /// <summary>
79 /// 接收客户端消息
80 /// </summary>
81 /// <param name="socket">来自客户端的socket</param>
82 private void ReceiveMessage(object socket)
83 {
84 Socket clientSocket = (Socket)socket;
85 while (true)
86 {
87 try
88 {
89 //获取从客户端发来的数据
90 int length = clientSocket.Receive(buffer);
91 Console.WriteLine("接收客户端{0},消息{1}", clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, length));
92 }
93 catch (Exception ex)
94 {
95 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
96 clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
97 clientSocket.Close();
98 break;
99 }
100 }
101 }
102 }
103 }
1、服务端代码
2、客户端代码
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Net;
5 using System.Net.Sockets;
6 using System.Text;
7 using System.Threading;
8 using System.Threading.Tasks;
9
10 namespace SocketUtil
11 {
12 public class SocketClient
13 {
14 private string _ip = string.Empty;
15 private int _port = 0;
16 private Socket _socket = null;
17 private byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 2];
18
19 /// <summary>
20 /// 构造函数
21 /// </summary>
22 /// <param name="ip">连接服务器的IP</param>
23 /// <param name="port">连接服务器的端口</param>
24 public SocketClient(string ip, int port)
25 {
26 this._ip = ip;
27 this._port = port;
28 }
29 public SocketClient(int port)
30 {
31 this._ip = "127.0.0.1";
32 this._port = port;
33 }
34
35 /// <summary>
36 /// 开启服务,连接服务端
37 /// </summary>
38 public void StartClient()
39 {
40 try
41 {
42 //1.0 实例化套接字(IP4寻址地址,流式传输,TCP协议)
43 _socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
44 //2.0 创建IP对象
45 IPAddress address = IPAddress.Parse(_ip);
46 //3.0 创建网络端口包括ip和端口
47 IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(address, _port);
48 //4.0 建立连接
49 _socket.Connect(endPoint);
50 Console.WriteLine("连接服务器成功");
51 //5.0 接收数据
52 int length = _socket.Receive(buffer);
53 Console.WriteLine("接收服务器{0},消息:{1}", _socket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer,0,length));
54 //6.0 像服务器发送消息
55 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
56 {
57 Thread.Sleep(2000);
58 string sendMessage = string.Format("客户端发送的消息,当前时间{0}", DateTime.Now.ToString());
59 _socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendMessage));
60 Console.WriteLine("像服务发送的消息:{0}", sendMessage);
61 }
62 }
63 catch (Exception ex)
64 {
65 _socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
66 _socket.Close();
67 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
68 }
69 Console.WriteLine("发送消息结束");
70 Console.ReadKey();
71 }
72 }
73 }
2、客户端代码
3、分别开启客户端和服务器
1 using SocketUtil;
2 using System;
3 using System.Collections.Generic;
4 using System.Linq;
5 using System.Text;
6 using System.Threading.Tasks;
7
8 namespace SocketClientApp
9 {
10 class Program
11 {
12 static void Main(string[] args)
13 {
14 SocketClient client = new SocketClient(8888);
15 client.StartClient();
16 Console.ReadKey();
17 }
18 }
19 }
开启客户端代码
1 using SocketUtil;
2 using System;
3 using System.Collections.Generic;
4 using System.Linq;
5 using System.Text;
6 using System.Threading.Tasks;
7
8 namespace SocketServerApp
9 {
10 class Program
11 {
12 static void Main(string[] args)
13 {
14 SocketServer server = new SocketServer(8888);
15 server.StartListen();
16 Console.ReadKey();
17 }
18 }
19 }
开启服务端代码
标签：socket,C#,ip,System,简单,using,port,Socket From： https://www.cnblogs.com/CS-ComputerScience/p/17164092.html