一、基本方法，用python得知 cron表达式
"""计算定时任务下次运行时间
sched str: 定时任务时间表达式
timeFormat str: 格式为"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
queryTimes int: 查询下次运行次数
"""
try:
now = datetime.datetime.now()
except ValueError:
raise
else:
# 以当前时间为基准开始计算
cron = croniter.croniter(sched, now)
return [cron.get_next(datetime.datetime).strftime(timeFormat) for i in range(queryTimes)]
import croniter, datetime
def CronRunNextTimelist(sched, frequency=1):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
cron = croniter.croniter(sched, now)
print("cron",cron)
return [cron.get_next(datetime.datetime).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") for i in range(frequency)]
sched = "1 2 3 * *"
# sched = "0 8 * * *"
# sched = "0 0-1 * * *"
# sched = "0 1-2 0/1 1/1 * *"
# sched = "5 19 * * WED,THU,FRI 44"
print(CronRunNextTimelist(sched, frequency=3))
二、python 对于cron表达式支持不是太好，不支持秒级 , ？在croniter上面封装一层支持标准
from croniter import croniter
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
week_day_dict = {
1: 7,
2: 1,
3: 2,
4: 3,
5: 4,
6: 5,
7: 6
}
class MyCroniter(croniter):
def __init__(self, expr_format, start_time=None, ret_type=float,
day_or=True):
# 秒 分 时 日 月 星期 年
expr_format = expr_format.strip()
expr_format = self.get_year(expr_format)
expr_format = self.get_second(expr_format)
expr_format = self.get_week(expr_format)
# 如果以？结尾则设置day_or = false 不匹配星期
if expr_format.endswith('?'):
expr_format = expr_format.replace("?", "*")
day_or = False
else:
# 如果？不在结尾则说明是日期为？
if "?" in expr_format:
expr_format = expr_format.replace("?", "*")
self.next_date = None
self.second_index = 0
super(MyCroniter, self).__init__(" ".join(expr_format.split(" ")[1:]), datetime.now(), ret_type, day_or)
def get_next_second(self, ret_type=None):
# 如果秒数为*，则每次next加一秒，直到59秒调用self._get_next
# 否则直接在秒位加上 应该的秒数
try:
if len(self.second) == 1 and self.second[0].isdigit():
self.next_date = self._get_next(ret_type or self._ret_type, is_prev=False)
self.next_date += + timedelta(seconds=int(self.second[0]))
else:
if not self.next_date:
self.next_date = self._get_next(ret_type or self._ret_type, is_prev=False)
if "all" in self.second:
if self.next_date.strftime("%S") == '59':
self.next_date = self._get_next(ret_type or self._ret_type, is_prev=False)
else:
self.next_date = self.next_date + timedelta(seconds=1)
else:
if int(self.next_date.strftime("%S")) >= int(self.second[-1]):
self.next_date = self._get_next(ret_type or self._ret_type, is_prev=False)
self.second_index = 0
# self.next_date = self.next_date + timedelta(seconds=int(self.second[self.second_index]))
# else:
if self.second_index == 0:
self.next_date = self.next_date + timedelta(seconds=int(self.second[self.second_index]))
else:
self.next_date = self.next_date - timedelta(seconds=int(self.second[self.second_index - 1]))
self.next_date = self.next_date + timedelta(seconds=int(self.second[self.second_index]))
self.second_index += 1
except Exception as e:
print("格式错误 : {}".format(e))
def get_year(self, expr_format):
if len(expr_format.split(" ")) == 6: # 如果缺少 年 就相当于年为*
self.year = ["all"]
elif expr_format.endswith('*'): # 任意年都可以
expr_format = " ".join(expr_format.split(" ")[:-1])
self.year = ["all"]
else:
self.year = expr_format.split(" ")[-1]
expr_format = " ".join(expr_format.split(" ")[:-1])
if "-" in self.year:
temp_year = self.year.split("-") # 例如 "2019-2021" 》》 [2019 ,2020, 2021]
self.year = list()
for year in range(int(temp_year[0]), int(temp_year[1]) + 1):
self.year.append(str(year))
elif "," in self.year: # 例如 "2019，2020 " 》》 [2019 ,2029]
self.year = self.year.split(",")
elif "/" in self.year:
temp_year = self.year.split("/") # 例如 "2019/3 " 》》 [2019 ,2021,2024,...]
self.year = list()
for year in range(int(temp_year[0]), 2100, int(temp_year[1])):
self.year.append(str(year))
else:
self.year = [self.year]
return expr_format
def get_second(self, expr_format):
if expr_format.startswith('*'):
self.second = ["all"]
else:
self.second = expr_format.split(" ")[0]
if "-" in self.second:
temp_second = self.second.split("-")
self.second = list()
for second in range(int(temp_second[0]), int(temp_second[1]) + 1):
self.second.append(str(second))
elif "," in self.second:
self.second = self.second.split(",")
elif "/" in self.second:
temp_second = self.second.split("/")
self.second = list()
for second in range(int(temp_second[0]), 59, int(temp_second[1])):
self.second.append(str(second))
else:
self.second = [self.second]
return expr_format
def get_week(self, expr_format):
global week_day_dict
week = expr_format.split(" ")[-1]
result = ""
for item in week:
if item.isdigit():
result += str(week_day_dict[int(item)])
else:
result += item
temp_list = expr_format.split(" ")
temp_list[-1] = result
return " ".join(temp_list)
def get_next(self, ret_type=None):
self.get_next_second(ret_type)
if "all" in self.year:
return self.next_date
else:
while True:
if self.next_date.strftime("%Y") in self.year:
return self.next_date
else:
if self.next_date.strftime("%Y") > self.year[-1]:
return None
else:
self.get_next_second(ret_type)
iter = None
CRON = ""
def cron_to_date(cron):
# 0 0 12 ? * 3 : 秒 分 时 日 月 星期
# tmp = cron.replace('?', '*')
global iter
global CRON
if not iter or CRON != cron:
iter = MyCroniter(cron)
CRON = cron
next_time = iter.get_next(datetime)
if next_time:
return next_time
else:
return ''
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for i in range(100):
#
# if i >50:
# print(cron_to_date("0/6 * * * * ?"))
# else:
# print(cron_to_date("0/5 * * * * ?"))
# print(cron_to_date("0 59 17 6 * ?"))
for i in range(100):
# print(cron_to_date("56 0/2 20 6 * ?"))
print(cron_to_date("0 0 0-1 * * ?"))
# print(cron_to_date("0/5 * * * * ?"))
标签：format,python,expr,self,next,cron,second,秒级,year From： https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoruixiao/p/17028087.html