一. 类与结构体
- 类的定义:
class Person { private: int age, height; double money; string books[100]; public: string name; void say() { cout << "I'm " << name << endl; } int get_age() { return age; } void add_money(double x) { money += x; } }; //类中的变量和函数被统一称为类的成员变量。 //private后面的内容是私有成员变量,在类的外部不能访问;public后面的内容是公有成员变量,在类的外部可以访问
- 类的使用:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; const int N = 1000010; class Person { private: int age, height; double money; string books[100]; public: string name; void say() { cout << "I'm " << name << endl; } int set_age(int a) { age = a; } int get_age() { return age; } void add_money(double x) { money += x; } } person_a, person_b, persons[100]; int main() { Person c; c.name = "yxc"; // 正确!访问公有变量 c.age = 18; // 错误!访问私有变量 c.set_age(18); // 正确!set_age()是共有成员变量 c.add_money(100); c.say(); cout << c.get_age() << endl; return 0; }
- 结构体和类的作用是一样的。不同点在于类默认是private,结构体默认是public
struct Person { private: int age, height; double money; string books[100]; public: string name; void say() { cout << "I'm " << name << endl; } int set_age(int a) { age = a; } int get_age() { return age; } void add_money(double x) { money += x; } } person_a, person_b, persons[100];
二. 指针和引用
- 指针指向存放变量的值的地址。因此我们可以通过指针来修改变量的值
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a = 10; int *p = &a; *p += 5; cout << a << endl; return 0; }
- 数组名是一种特殊的指针。指针可以做运算:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ ) cout << *(a + i) << endl; return 0; }
- 引用和指针类似,相当于给变量起了个别名
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a = 10; int &p = a; p += 5; cout << a << endl; return 0; }
三. 链表
#include <iostream> using namespace std; struct Node { int val; Node* next; } *head; int main() { for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i ++ ) { Node* p = new Node(); p->val = i; p->next = head; head = p; } for (Node* p = head; p; p = p->next) cout << p->val << ' '; cout << endl; return 0; }
标签:include,string,int,入门,C++,using,指针,cout From: https://www.cnblogs.com/ZWJ-zwj/p/17020054.html