date: 2019-08-02 16:24:19 +0800
tags:
- Python
1. 用GUI 自动化控制键盘和鼠标第18章 (代码下载)
pyautogui模块可以向Windows、OS X 和Linux 发送虚拟按键和鼠标点击。根据使用的操作系统，在安装pyautogui之前，可能需要安装一些其他模块。
- Windows: 不需要安装其他模块。
- OS X:
sudo pip3 install pyobjc-framework-Quartz
sudo pip3 install pyobjc-core
sudo pip3 install pyobjc
- Linux:
sudo pip3 install python3-xlib
sudo apt-get install scrot
sudo apt-get install python3-tk
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
依赖项安装后安装pyautogui：
pip install pyautogui
使用pyautogui需要注意防止或恢复GUI。通过ctrl+cg关闭程序或者。设定暂停和自动防故障，如下：
# 在每次函数调用后等一会儿，将pyautogui.PAUSE 变量设置为要暂停的秒数
pyautogui.PAUSE = 1
# 设定自动防故障
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = True
常用函数如下：
| 函数 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| moveTo(x，y,duration) | 将鼠标移动到指定的x、y 坐标，duration每次移动耗时多少秒，如果没有数调用duration，鼠标就会马上从一个点移到另一个点 |
| moveRel(xOffset，yOffset,duration) | 相对于当前位置移动鼠标 |
| pyautogui.position() | 确定鼠标当前位置 |
| dragTo(x，y,duration) | 按下左键移动鼠标 |
| dragRel(xOffset，yOffset,duration) | 按下左键，相对于当前位置移动鼠标 |
| click（x，y，button） | 模拟点击(默认是左键) |
| rightClick() | 模拟右键点击 |
| middleClick() | 模拟中键点击 |
| doubleClick() | 模拟左键双击 |
| pyautogui.scroll(units) | 模拟滚动滚轮。正参数表示向上滚动，负参数表示向下滚动 |
| pyautogui.screenshot() | 返回屏幕快照的Image 对象 |
| pyautogui.pixelMatchesColor(x,y,tuple) | 判断x、y 坐标处的像素与指定的颜色是否匹配。第一和第二个参数是xy整数坐标。第三个参数是包含3个整数元组，表示RGB 颜色 |
| pyautogui.locateOnScreen(image) | 将返回图像iamge所在处当前屏幕图像的坐标，如果无法匹配返回None |
| pyautogui.center(x,y,w,h) | 返回区域的中心坐标 |
| typewrite(message) | 键入给定消息字符串中的字符 |
| typewrite([key1，key2，key3]) | 键入给定键字符串，pyautogui.KEYBOARD_KEYS查看键字符串的列表 |
| press(key) | 按下并释放给定键 |
| keyDown(key) | 模拟按下给定键 |
| keyUp(key) | 模拟释放给定键 |
| mouseDown(x，y，button) | 模拟在x、y 处按下指定鼠标按键 |
| mouseUp(x，y，button) | 模拟在x、y 处释放指定键 |
| hotkey([key1，key2，key3]) | 模拟按顺序按下给定键字符串，然后以相反的顺序释放 |
2 项目练习
2.1 项目：“现在鼠标在哪里？”
在移动鼠标时随时显示 x y 坐标和改点RGB值
# 显示鼠标实时位置
import pyautogui
# 程序终止crtl+c
print('Press Ctrl-C to quit.')
try:
while True:
x, y = pyautogui.position()
positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y).rjust(4)
# 获得当前点的颜色
pixelColor = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x, y))
positionStr += ' RGB: (' + str(pixelColor[0]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[1]).rjust(3)
positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[2]).rjust(3) + ')'
# end结尾添加的字符，默认换行符
print(positionStr, end='')
# https://blog.csdn.net/lucosax/article/details/34963593
# 得到了许多\b 字符构成的字符串，长度与positionStr中保存的字符串长度一样，效果就是擦除了前面打印的字符串\
# flush把文件从内存buffer（缓冲区）中强制刷新到硬盘中，同时清空缓冲区。实现动态效果
print('\b' * len(positionStr), end='', flush=True)
# 退出程序
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nDone.')
2.2 项目：自动填表程序
实现自动填表，表格网站，地址http://autbor.com/form
import pyautogui, time
# Set these to the correct coordinates for your computer
# name输入位置
nameField = (622, 199)
submitButton = (601, 978)
submitButtonColor = (31, 115, 230)
submitAnotherLink = (760, 224)
# 表单数据
formData = [{'name': 'Alice', 'fear': 'eavesdroppers', 'source': 'wand','robocop': 4, 'comments': 'Tell Bob I said hi.'},
{'name': 'Bob', 'fear': 'bees', 'source': 'amulet', 'robocop': 4,'comments': 'Please take the puppets out of the break room.'},
{'name': 'Carol', 'fear': 'puppets', 'source': 'crystal ball','robocop': 1, 'comments': 'Please take the puppets out of the break room.'},
{'name': 'Alex Murphy', 'fear': 'ED-209', 'source': 'money','robocop': 5, 'comments': 'Protect the innocent. Serve the publictrust. Uphold the law.'},]
# 暂停0.5s
pyautogui.PAUSE = 0.5
for person in formData:
# Give the user a chance to kill the script.
print('>>> 5 SECOND PAUSE TO LET USER PRESS CTRL-C <<<')
time.sleep(5)
# Wait until the form page has loaded.
# 判断点submitButton和submitButtonColor的颜色是否匹配
while not pyautogui.pixelMatchesColor(submitButton[0], submitButton[1],submitButtonColor):
time.sleep(0.5)
print('Entering %s info...' % (person['name']))
# 从名字开始填写
pyautogui.click(nameField[0], nameField[1])
# Fill out the Name field.
pyautogui.typewrite(person['name'] + '\t')
# Fill out the Greatest Fear(s) field.
pyautogui.typewrite(person['fear'] + '\t')
# Fill out the Source of Wizard Powers field.
if person['source'] == 'wand':
# 按下键
pyautogui.typewrite(['down'])
# 回车
pyautogui.typewrite(['enter'])
# tab
pyautogui.typewrite(['\t'])
elif person['source'] == 'amulet':
pyautogui.typewrite(['down', 'down'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['enter'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['\t'])
elif person['source'] == 'crystal ball':
pyautogui.typewrite(['down', 'down', 'down'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['enter'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['\t'])
elif person['source'] == 'money':
pyautogui.typewrite(['down', 'down', 'down', 'down'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['enter'])
pyautogui.typewrite(['\t'])
# Fill out the RoboCop field.
if person['robocop'] == 1:
pyautogui.typewrite([' ', '\t'])
elif person['robocop'] == 2:
pyautogui.typewrite(['right', '\t'])
elif person['robocop'] == 3:
pyautogui.typewrite(['right', 'right', '\t'])
elif person['robocop'] == 4:
pyautogui.typewrite(['right', 'right', 'right', '\t'])
elif person['robocop'] == 5:
pyautogui.typewrite(['right', 'right', 'right', 'right', '\t'])
# Fill out the Additional Comments field.
# 输入文字
pyautogui.typewrite(person['comments'] + '\t')
# Click Submit.
#pyautogui.press('enter')
# Wait until form page has loaded.
print('Clicked Submit.')
time.sleep(5)
# Click the Submit another response link.
# 确认提交
pyautogui.click(submitAnotherLink[0], submitAnotherLink[1])
3 参考链接
- 完整pyautogui文档 https://pyautogui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/41463c82ec8f
- https://blog.csdn.net/yzy_1996/article/details/85244714