首页 > 编程语言 >学习wpf笔记3 MVVM模式——【转】C# WPF简单的MVVM模式事例

学习wpf笔记3 MVVM模式——【转】C# WPF简单的MVVM模式事例

时间：2022-11-18 11:35:11浏览次数：65  
标签：gt MVVM C# System 模式 lt using public

一、前言

WPF中使用MVVM模式开发有诸如以下优点：
1.结构清晰明朗，上手成本低，一个新人也能快速的定位自己需要改动代码的位置。
2.耦合度低，更改WPF控件不影响数据结构，更改代码成本低。
3.可重用性高，比如一个处理逻辑放到ViewModel模块中，其他界面如果要用掉直接调用即可。
当然并不是所有的项目都去使用MVVM开发，一些简单的我们也可以按照正常的开发。
本次例子参考“刘铁猛”老师的WPF视频教程，大家有兴趣可以去观看。
话不多说，开始写Demo。

二、需要实现目的

  1. 点击相加按钮实现数字一和数字二想加的结果：
  2. 点击保存按钮弹出文件保存窗口（只是简单的弹出窗口，并非实现正在的保存）
    在这里插入图片描述

三、编写SampleMvvmDemo

①实现思路

这是一个很简单的Demo，我们的第一反应就是，不就是一个界面上有两个Button按钮。
一个名为：“保存”，一个名为：“相加”。然后给两个Button分别添加两个Click事件。
点保存按钮的时候弹出文件保存框：

SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog();
dlg.ShowDialog();

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点击相加按钮的时候计算Textbox1(数字一)与TextBox2(数字二)输入的值想加的结果然后赋值给TextBox3(结果为)：

textBox3.Text = (double.Parse(textBox1.Text)+ double.Parse(textBox2.Text)).ToString();

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其实这样没错，但是现在我把界面改变了，把保存按钮换成了保存菜单，把三个Textbox换成了三个Slider,前面两个Slider想加的结果显示到第三个Slider上面。例如这样：
在这里插入图片描述

这个时候我们就需要在后台把之前的Click事件里面的代码进行修改，随着需求的不断变更，开发成本还是比较高的，这个是我们用MVVM模式来实现一下这些效果。

②MVVM实现

首先我们创建一个SampleMvvmDemo的WPF应用项目，然后在项目中添加两个文件夹
一个为Command用来触发空间的Command
一个为ViewModels用来处理页面上的数据或者控件逻辑。
这个是项目结构，简单的MVVM框架
在这里插入图片描述
然后我们在ViewModels中添加两个类
第一个为消息通知类（NotificationObject.cs），用来告诉页面值发生了变化，需要触发逻辑

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace SampleMvvmDemo.ViewModels

{

class NotificationObject : INotifyPropertyChanged

{

public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;


    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">RaisePropertyChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> propertyName<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>PropertyChanged <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            PropertyChanged<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">PropertyChangedEventArgs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>propertyName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>



}


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在这里插入图片描述
第二为窗体的交互逻辑类（MainWindowViewModel.cs）,看名字也能得知这是界面与数据之间逻辑交互的地方。

using Microsoft.Win32;
using SampleMvvmDemo.Commands;
using System;

namespace SampleMvvmDemo.ViewModels

{

class MainWindowViewModel : NotificationObject

{

public MainWindowViewModel()

{

AddCommand = new DelegateCommand();

AddCommand.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(Add);

SaveCommand = new DelegateCommand();

SaveCommand.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(Save);

}


    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> input1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> Input1
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> input1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">set</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            input1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token function">RaisePropertyChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Input1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> input2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> Input2
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> input2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">set</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            input2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token function">RaisePropertyChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Input2"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> resulte<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> Result
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> resulte<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">set</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            resulte <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token function">RaisePropertyChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Result"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">DelegateCommand</span> AddCommand <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">DelegateCommand</span> SaveCommand <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">object</span></span> parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token class-name">SaveFileDialog</span> dlg <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">SaveFileDialog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        dlg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ShowDialog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">object</span></span> parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        Result <span class="token operator">=</span> input1 <span class="token operator">+</span> input2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>



<span class="token punctuation">}</span>



}


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在这里插入图片描述

写到这里的时候，会有些地方报错，这是因为我们Command还没有写方法
我们在Command文件夹中添加一个DelegateCommand.cs类，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace SampleMvvmDemo.Commands

{

class DelegateCommand : ICommand

{

public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;


    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> <span class="token function">CanExecute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">object</span></span> parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>CanExcuteFunc <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">CanExcuteFunc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">object</span></span> parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ExecuteAction <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token function">ExecuteAction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parameter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">Action<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">object</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> ExecuteAction <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">Func<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">object</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> CanExcuteFunc <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>



}


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在这里插入图片描述
至此，我们已经把MVVM中的VM实现了。
接下来我们把界面设计好也就是MVVM中的V。
界面代码：

<Window x:Class="SampleMvvmDemo.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SampleMvvmDemo"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="263" Width="300" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Menu>
            <MenuItem Header="菜单">
                <MenuItem Header="保存" Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"/>
            </MenuItem>
        </Menu>
        <Grid Grid.Row="1">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <StackPanel Grid.Row="0" Orientation="Horizontal" >
                <TextBlock Text="数字一：" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox1"  Width="242" Background="LightBlue" FontSize="24" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Input1}"/>
            </StackPanel>
            <StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal">
                <TextBlock Text="数字二：" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox2" Width="242" Background="LightBlue" FontSize="24" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Input2}"/>
            </StackPanel>
            <StackPanel Grid.Row="2" Orientation="Horizontal">
                <TextBlock Text="结果为：" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                <TextBox x:Name="textBox3" Width="242" Background="LightGreen" FontSize="24" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Result}"/>
            </StackPanel>
            <Button x:Name="btnAdd" Content="相加" Grid.Row="3" Width="120" Height="40" Command="{Binding AddCommand}"/>
        </Grid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

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在这里插入图片描述

界面后台代码：

using SampleMvvmDemo.ViewModels;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace SampleMvvmDemo

{

/// <summary>

/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑

/// </summary>

public partial class MainWindow : Window

{

public MainWindow()

{

InitializeComponent();

DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();


    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>



}


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在这里插入图片描述
我们可以看到View的后台代码非常的简洁。
即使像刚刚提到的改变控件的需求，我们也无需动后台的代码，只需要改变控件，重新绑定即可。
例如改成所说的Slider 与菜单保存

<Window x:Class="SampleMvvmDemo.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SampleMvvmDemo"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="263" Width="300" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Menu>
            <MenuItem Header="菜单">
                <MenuItem Header="保存" Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"/>
            </MenuItem>

    <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Menu<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
    <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Grid Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Row<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RowDefinitions<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RowDefinition</span> Height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Auto"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RowDefinition</span> Height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Auto"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RowDefinition</span> Height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Auto"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">RowDefinition</span> Height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"*"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RowDefinitions<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>StackPanel Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Row<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"0"</span> Orientation<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Horizontal"</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">TextBlock</span> Text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"数字一："</span> VerticalAlignment<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Center"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Slider</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span>Name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"textBox1"</span>  Width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"242"</span> Background<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"LightBlue"</span> FontSize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"24"</span> Margin<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"5"</span> Value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"{Binding Input1}"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>StackPanel<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>StackPanel Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Row<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"1"</span> Orientation<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Horizontal"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">TextBlock</span> Text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"数字二："</span> VerticalAlignment<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Center"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Slider</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span>Name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"textBox2"</span> Width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"242"</span> Background<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"LightBlue"</span> FontSize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"24"</span> Margin<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"5"</span> Value <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"{Binding Input2}"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>StackPanel<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>StackPanel Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Row<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"2"</span> Orientation<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Horizontal"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">TextBlock</span> Text<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"结果为："</span> VerticalAlignment<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Center"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
            <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Slider</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span>Name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"textBox3"</span> Width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"242"</span> Background<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"LightGreen"</span> FontSize<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"24"</span> Margin<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"5"</span> Value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"{Binding Result}"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>StackPanel<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
        <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Button</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span>Name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"btnAdd"</span> Content<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"相加"</span> Grid<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Row<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"3"</span> Width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"120"</span> Height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"40"</span> Command<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"{Binding AddCommand}"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
    <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Grid<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>Grid<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>



</Window>


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在这里插入图片描述

</article>

转自 https://blog.csdn.net/asd497907957/article/details/121988579?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~BlogCommendFromBaidu~Rate-1-121988579-blog-126736527.pc_relevant_landingrelevant&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~BlogCommendFromBaidu~Rate-1-121988579-blog-126736527.pc_relevant_landingrelevant&utm_relevant_index=2

标签：gt,MVVM,C#,System,模式,lt,using,public
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/castlewu/p/16902649.html

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