前置知识（高中部分学习的知识）导数积分指数公式空间解析几何与向量代数象限卦限点到点的距离$M1（x_{1},y_{1},z_{1}）M2(x_{2},y_{2},z_{2})则\lvertM1M2\rvert=\sqrt{(x_{1}-x_{2})^2+(y_{1}-y_{2})^2+(z_{1}-z_{2})^2}$点到直线的距离