SSL 证书验证失败 - 雅虎财经 API - Python

我正在尝试从雅虎财经获取数据，但收到 SSL 错误。代码如下：

import requests
response = requests.get("https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v8/finance/chart/META", verify=True)
print(response.status_code)

出现以下错误：

urllib3.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1000)

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 486, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 847, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 515, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='query1.finance.yahoo.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /v8/finance/chart/META (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1000)')))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/yudhveersingh/Desktop/Algo Trade/test", line 3, in <module>
    response = requests.get("https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v8/finance/chart/META", verify=True)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 73, in get
    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 59, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 589, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 703, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 517, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='query1.finance.yahoo.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /v8/finance/chart/META (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self-signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1000)')))

我尝试绕过验证过程：

import requests
response = requests.get("https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v8/finance/chart/META", verify=False)
print(response.status_code)

但是我收到了 429 错误代码：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:1103: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host 'localhost'. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#tls-warnings
  warnings.warn(
429

遇到的错误是由于 Yahoo Finance API 的变化以及 Python 处理 SSL 证书的方式造成的。

错误分析：

1. SSLError: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED : 这个错误表明的 Python 环境无法验证 Yahoo Finance 服务器提供的 SSL 证书。这可能是因为的 Python 版本过旧，或者的系统缺少最新的根证书。

2. InsecureRequestWarning 和 429 错误 : 当设置 verify=False 时，绕过了 SSL 验证，这会产生安全风险。Yahoo Finance 服务器检测到未经验证的请求并返回 429 错误 (Too Many Requests)，这可能是因为他们限制未经验证的请求以防止滥用。

解决方案：

1. 更新 Python 和证书 :

2. 确保使用的是最新版本的 Python。

3. 使用 pip 更新 certifi 和 urllib3 库，这些库管理 SSL 证书：

   bash pip install --upgrade certifi urllib3 * 如果问题仍然存在，可能需要手动更新的系统根证书。请查阅的操作系统文档以获取有关如何执行此操作的说明。

4. 使用 Yahoo Finance API 的官方库 :

5. Yahoo Finance 提供了官方的 Python 库，例如 yfinance ，它可以处理 SSL 证书验证和其他 API 细节：

   ```python import yfinance as yf

   data = yf.download("META", period="1d") print(data) ```

   使用官方库通常是获取 Yahoo Finance 数据的最可靠和最简单的方法。

重要提示：

• 避免在生产环境中禁用 SSL 验证 ( verify=False )，因为它会带来安全风险。
• 使用官方库或确保的 Python 环境和证书是最新的，以便安全可靠地访问 Yahoo Finance API。