Xtrabackup是一个对Mysql做数据备份的工具，支持在线热备份（备份时不影响数据读写）,Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具：xtrabackup、 innobackupex，其中innobackupex已经逐渐被xtrabackup取代
特点：
(1)备份过程快速、可靠；
(2)备份过程不会打断正在执行的事务；
(3)能够基于压缩等功能节约磁盘空间和流量；
(4)自动实现备份检验；
(5)还原速度快
安装：
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wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.12/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum -y install libev
yum -y install perl-Digest-*
rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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全量备份：
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mkdir -p /data/backups/mysql
[root@master01 mysql]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/ -u root -p -P 3306 --host=10.0.0.201
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全量恢复
恢复过程中首先要执行prepare，将所有的数据文件都准备到同一个时间点，因为在备份过程中所有的数据文件备份都是在不同的时间点，如果直接启动可能会导致冲突
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/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mv /usr/local/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data_bak
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
/etc/init.d/mysql start
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增量备份：
创建一个初始完整备份
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rm -rf /data/backups/mysql/*
#完整备份
[root@master01 mysql]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base -u root -p123456 -P 3306 --host=127.0.0.1
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进行模拟数据增加，进行增量备份
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mysql -u root -p
use course
insert into students values(11,'aa',1,1,current_timestamp);
insert into students values(12,'bb',2,2,current_timestamp);
exit
xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backups/mysql/base -u root -p123456 --host=127.0.0.1
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在加数据，进行第二次增量备份
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mysql -u root -p
use course;
insert into students values(13,'cc',3,3,current_timestamp);
insert into students values(14,'dd',4,3,current_timestamp);
exit
xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/data/backups/mysql/inc1 -u root -p123456 -P 3306 --host=127.0.0.1
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增量备份恢复：
恢复第一次插入的数据
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pkill mysql
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/
#准备上一次完整备份时间点
xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
#准备恢复第一次插入的数据
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --incremental-dir=/data/backups/mysql/inc1 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
/etc/init.d/mysql start
mysql -u root -p
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恢复第二次插入的数据
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pkill mysql
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --incrementaldir=/data/backups/mysql/inc1 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --incremental-dir=/data/backups/mysql/inc2 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/base --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
/etc/init.d/mysql start
mysql -u root -p
use course;
select * from students;
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