k8s开通只读权限 kubeconfig

• 创建证书文件并配置

#创建对应目录
mkdir /data/devops/kube-read -p
cd /data/devops/kube-read
cp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca* .

#创建证书文件
root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# cat ca-config.json 
{
    "signing": {
        "default": {
        "expiry": "4320h"
      },
        "profiles": {
            "kubernetes": {
                "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                    "server auth",
                    "client auth"
                      ],
                "expiry": "4320h"
          }
      }
  }
}

#创建证书签名请求文件
root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# cat read-csr.json
{
    "CN": "readuser",
    "hosts": [],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
  },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "QingDao",
        "L": "QingDao",
        "O": "k8s",
        "OU": "System"
      }
  ]
}

# 执行签发证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes read-csr.json | cfssljson -bare readuser

# 会生成以下文件
readuser.csr # 签名请求
readuser-key.pem  # 私钥
readuser.pem #证书

# 校验证书
cfssl-certinfo -cert readuser.pem

• 生成kubeconfig文件

# 172.16.7.132:6443 改成对应的公网apiserver 地址，但是要做ip 限制
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \--certificate-authority=ca.pem \--embed-certs=true \--server=https://172.16.7.132:6443 \--kubeconfig=readuser.config

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials readuser \--client-certificate=readuser.pem \--client-key=readuser-key.pem \--embed-certs=true \--kubeconfig=readuser.config

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \--cluster=kubernetes \--user=readuser \--kubeconfig=readuser.config

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=readuser.config

# read-crb.yaml
root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# cat read-crb.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: readuser
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: view
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: User
  name: readuser
  
  # 验证
  kubectl get pods --kubeconfig=readuser.config -n kube-system
  

• 增加 exec pod 权限

# 创建一个附加的 ClusterRole
root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# cat pod-exec-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: pod-exec
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]  # 核心 API 组
  resources: ["pods/exec"]  # 子资源 exec
  verbs: ["create"]         # exec 操作需要 create 权限
  
  
  # 将权限绑定到用户
  # kubectl apply -f pod-exec-role.yaml
  root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# cat pod-exec-binding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: pod-exec-binding
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: readuser  # kubeconfig 中的用户名称
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: pod-exec
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  
  # kubectl apply -f pod-exec-binding.yaml
  
  #验证权限
  root@172-16-160-221:/data/devops/kube-read# kubectl  --kubeconfig=readuser.config  exec -it -n single-doc key-opinion-llm-data-56f55d8ff6-twqln  bash  
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
root@key-opinion-llm-data-56f55d8ff6-twqln:/app/lingo-engine#