实验要求
网络拓扑图
STP的使用
STP的主要目的是在网络中提供冗余路径的同时避免环路。
STP作用:通过阻塞端口来消除环路,并能够实现链路备份。
STP操作:
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选举一个根桥 (优先级+MAC地址)
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每个非根交换机选举一个根端口
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每个网段选举一个指定端口
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阻塞非根、非指定端口
VRRP的使用
VRRP的主要目的是实现路由器的冗余,以提高网络的可靠性。
通过配置虚拟路由器的IP地址为默认网关,VRRP可以在不改变组网的情况下,将多台路由器虚拟成一个虚拟路由器。
VRRP的基本结构:
VRRP组:由多个路由器接口组成,共用一个虚拟IP地址。
Master路由器:处于活动状态的路由器,承担实际的数据流量转发任务。
Backup路由器:处于备份状态的路由器,侦听Master路由器的状态,并在Master路由器发生故障时接替其工作。
网络规划
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交换机之间的接口全部为 Trunk 类型。
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在 SW1和 SW2 上配置 VRRP,Master 路由器优先级为 150,Backup 路由器优先级为 110。当Master 路由器的上行接口出现故障,其优先级减少 70,实现由 Master 路由器到 Backup 路由器的切换。
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在 Sw1 交换机上配置 VLAN 接口IP地址:
VLAN2 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.72.1/24
VLAN3 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.73.1/24
VLAN4 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.74.1/24
VLAN7 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.77.1/24
VLAN8 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.78.1/24
VLAN100 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.100.1/24
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在 Sw2 交换机上配置 VLAN 接口IP地址:
VLAN2 接口的IP地址: 192.168.72.2/24
VLAN3 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.73.2/24
VLAN4 接口的IP地址: 192.168.74.2/24
VLAN7 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.77.2/24
VLAN8 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.78.2/24
VLAN100 接口的 IP地址: 192.168.100.5/24
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PC的IP地址及网关如下:
PC1的IP地址: 192.168.72.10/24,网关为 192.168.72.254/24
PC2的IP地址: 192.168.73.10/24,网关为192.168.73.254/24
PC3的IP地址: 192.168.72.11/24,网关为 192.168.72.254/24
PC4的IP地址: 192.168.74.10/24,网关为 192.168.74.254/24
PC6的IP地址: 192.168.77.11/24,网关为 192.168.77.254/24
PC7的IP地址: 192.168.78.10/24,网关为 192.168.78.254/24
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SW1 与 NAT 网段: 192.168.100.0/30,SW2 与NAT 网段: 192.168.100.4/30,NAT 上用 Loopback0 模拟 Internet,IP地址为 222.103.255.1/30
网络协作概述
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R1作为核心路由器,配置了多个静态路由,用于指导到达不同子网的数据包流向。
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S1和S2作为边缘设备,配置了到达R1特定接口的静态路由。这些路由允许S1和S2上的设备通过R1访问其他网络。
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LoopBack 0 (模拟Internet) 接口的配置在R1上很常见,用于路由协议中的稳定标识。在这里,它还被用作静态路由的下一跳地址,在实际部署中,更常见的是使用直接连接的接口地址作为下一跳。
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配置中的子网掩码长度(30位)意味着每个接口只有两个可用的IP地址(一个用于接口本身,另一个用于对端设备)。
实验设备
- 交换机S3700×2台,S5700×2台;
- 个人PC×4台;
- 路由器×1台
实验内容:
配置S1和S2的VLAN接口和VRRP
S1配置
sys
sysname S1
undo info enable
vlan batch 2 3 4 100
interface vlanif 2
ip address 192.168.72.1 24
vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.72.254
vrrp vrid 2 priority 150
vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 2 timer advertise 1
vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 70
interface vlanif 3
ip address 192.168.73.1 24
vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 192.168.73.254
vrrp vrid 3 priority 110
vrrp vrid 3 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 3 timer advertise 1
interface vlanif 4
ip address 192.168.74.1 24
vrrp vrid 4 virtual-ip 192.168.74.254
vrrp vrid 4 priority 110
vrrp vrid 4 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 4 timer advertise 1
interface vlanif 7
ip address 192.168.77.1 24
vrrp vrid 7 virtual-ip 192.168.77.254
vrrp vrid 7 priority 110
vrrp vrid 7 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 7 timer advertise 1
interface vlanif 8
ip address 192.168.78.1 24
vrrp vrid 8 virtual-ip 192.168.78.254
vrrp vrid 8 priority 110
vrrp vrid 8 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 8 timer advertise 1
S2配置
sys
sysname S2
undo info enable
vlan batch 2 3 4 100
interface vlanif 2
ip address 192.168.72.2 24
vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.72.254
vrrp vrid 2 priority 110
vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 2 timer advertise 1
interface vlanif 3
ip address 192.168.73.2 24
vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 192.168.73.254
vrrp vrid 3 priority 150
vrrp vrid 3 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 3 timer advertise 1
vrrp vrid 3 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 70
interface vlanif 4
ip address 192.168.74.2 24
vrrp vrid 4 virtual-ip 192.168.74.254
vrrp vrid 4 priority 150
vrrp vrid 4 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 4 timer advertise 1
vrrp vrid 4 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 70
interface vlanif 7
ip address 192.168.77.1 24
vrrp vrid 7 virtual-ip 192.168.77.254
vrrp vrid 7 priority 110
vrrp vrid 7 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 7 timer advertise 1
interface vlanif 8
ip address 192.168.78.1 24
vrrp vrid 8 virtual-ip 192.168.78.254
vrrp vrid 8 priority 110
vrrp vrid 8 preempt-mode timer delay 1
vrrp vrid 8 timer advertise 1
配置S1、S2、S3、S4的链路
S1配置
interface vlanif 100
ip address 192.168.100.1 30
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 100
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/13
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/14
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/15
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
S2配置
interface vlanif 100
ip address 192.168.100.5 30
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 100
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/13
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/14
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/15
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
S3配置
sys
sysname S3
undo info enable
vlan batch 2 3 4 100
interface Ethernet0/0/13
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet0/0/14
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet 0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 2
interface Ethernet 0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 3
interface Ethernet 0/0/18
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
S4配置
sys
sysname S4
undo info enable
vlan batch 2 3 4 100
interface Ethernet0/0/13
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet0/0/14
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet 0/0/1
port link-type access
port default vlan 2
interface Ethernet 0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 4
interface Ethernet 0/0/19
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
S5配置
sys
sysname S5
undo info enable
vlan batch 2 3 4 7 8 100
interface Ethernet0/0/9
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet0/0/10
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet 0/0/5
port link-type access
port default vlan 7
interface Ethernet 0/0/6
port link-type access
port default vlan 8
interface Ethernet 0/0/18
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
interface Ethernet 0/0/19
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan all
配置S1、S2、S3、S4的MSTP
S1配置
stp region-configuration
region-name STP
instance 1 vlan 2
instance 2 vlan 3 4
instance 3 vlan 7 8
revision-level 1
active region-configuration
stp root primary
S2配置
stp region-configuration
region-name STP
instance 1 vlan 2
instance 2 vlan 3 4
instance 3 vlan 7 8
revision-level 1
active region-configuration
stp root secondary
S3配置
stp region-configuration
region-name STP
instance 1 vlan 2
instance 2 vlan 3 4
instance 3 vlan 7 8
revision-level 1
active region-configuration
stp instance 1 root primary
stp instance 2 root secondary
S4配置
stp region-configuration
region-name STP
instance 1 vlan 2
instance 2 vlan 3 4
instance 3 vlan 7 8
revision-level 1
active region-configuration
stp instance 2 root primary
stp instance 1 root secondary
S5配置
stp region-configuration
region-name STP
instance 1 vlan 2
instance 2 vlan 3 4
instance 3 vlan 7 8
revision-level 1
active region-configuration
stp instance 3 root primary
stp instance 1 root secondary
配置R1的参数以及R1、S1、S2的静态路由
R1配置
sys
undo info-center enable
sysname R1
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
ip address 192.168.100.6 30
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
ip address 192.168.100.2 30
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 222.103.225.1 30
ip route-static 192.168.72.0 24 192.168.100.1
ip route-static 192.168.73.0 24 192.168.100.5
ip route-static 192.168.74.0 24 192.168.100.5
ip route-static 192.168.77.0 24 192.168.100.1
ip route-static 192.168.78.0 24 192.168.100.1
S1配置
ip route-static 192.168.100.4 30 192.168.100.2
ip route-static 222.103.225.0 30 192.168.100.2
S2配置
ip route-static 192.168.100.0 30 192.168.100.6
ip route-static 222.103.225.0 30 192.168.100.6
测试
查看MSTP
查看MSTP可以用display stp brief
查看VRRP
查看VRRP可以用display vrrp brief
查看PC端是否可以ping通全网以及LoopBack的外网
PC1-->LoopBack的外网
PC1 e0/0/1端口-->S3 e0/0/1-->S3 e0/0/14-->S1 g0/0/14-->S1 g0/0/1-->R1 g0/0/0
P4-->LoopBack的外网
PC4 e0/0/1端口-->S4 e0/0/2-->S4 e0/0/14-->S2 g0/0/14-->S2 g0/0/1-->R1 g0/0/1
PC1-->PC4
PC2 e0/0/1端口-->S3 e0/0/2-->S3 e0/0/14-->S1 g0/0/14-->S1 g0/0/13-->S4 e0/0/13-->S4 e0/0/1-->PC3 e0/0/1