Kubernetes-K8S的安装

标签：kubectl Kubernetes -- sudo etc docker K8S 安装节点

前言:

望大家可以跟着我的走，我将自己踩的坑都会一一说出来，尽量为大家踩出一条没有荆棘的路，有问题大家可以留言和私信我会一一解答，我不是大神就是一个学习小伙汁，那么接下来让我们开始

安装步骤

建议使用阿里云的服务器

首先开通三个2核2G的ECS云服务器(按量付费)
安装Kubernetes
安装KubeSphere前置环境
安装KubeSphere

以下的都需要在三台服务器都进行执行

一、开通云服务器-跟着我的步骤来

至于这里为什么要用 172.31.0.0/16 后面我会说的别急哈跟着我来

弄完这一步后就去创建云服务器

记得一定要加入专有网络和分配IPv4的地址

二、安装Docker

1、配置yum源

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2、安装docker-(使用固定版本的docker)

sudo yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7  containerd.io-1.4.6

3、配置docker开机自启动

systemctl enable docker --now

4、配置加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://3nk2zp95.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

三、K8S部署-基础环境

1、设置三台机器的自己的域名

#主节点 将地址换成自己的三台机器的私网地址
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.31.0.93 Kubernetes-Master
172.31.0.91 Kubernetes-Node1
172.31.0.92 Kubernetes-Node2
EOF

#主从节点
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-Master 

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-Node1

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-Node2

2、将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式和关闭swap

# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

3、iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

4、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF


sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

5、使用kubeadm引导集群-下载各个机器需要的镜像

sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
   


chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

注意了这里是主节点了

6、初始化主节点

为什么要使用172.31.0.0/16呢是为了保证网络范围不重叠，后面你就会发现的

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的私网地址
echo "172.31.0.93  master" >> /etc/hosts



#主节点初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.93 \
--control-plane-endpoint=master \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

7、初始化节点后会返回这个

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join master:6443 --token 421tuf.qu1z0q8920g2z0b2 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3ac62298006170b49028bb319ac6ed3489d7a477df392a139bf1e1c50256a58d \
    --control-plane 

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join master:6443 --token 421tuf.qu1z0q8920g2z0b2 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3ac62298006170b49028bb319ac6ed3489d7a477df392a139bf1e1c50256a58d

8、主节点-对照上面初始化返回的内容

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

9、在node1 node2节点-对照上面初始化返回的内容


kubeadm join master:6443 --token 421tuf.qu1z0q8920g2z0b2 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3ac62298006170b49028bb319ac6ed3489d7a477df392a139bf1e1c50256a58d

10、安装网络组件-主节点

一定要使用v3.8版本的-才不会报错

都是实践说多了都是泪

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.8/manifests/calico.yaml -O


#按照顺序来输入
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

10、接下来就等带完成之后使用这些命令来查看

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源
kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml

#查看集群部署了哪些应用？
docker ps   ===   kubectl get pods -A
# 运行中的应用在docker里面叫容器，在k8s里面叫Pod
kubectl get pods -A