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图书管理系统

时间：2024-10-31 16:02:47浏览次数：1  
标签：管理系统 models request html id book 书籍 图书

1.图书管理代理

背景

使用DjangoV3.2版本，搭建图书管理
功能：图书（作者/出版社/书籍）增删改查功能
数据库：mysql
数据表：book（数据表） publish（出版社表） author（作者表）

包含功能（参数）

Django
ORM ：单表，一对一，一对多，多对多 增删改查
views：控制代码逻辑，数据库操作
models：创建数据表
urls：路由操作，转发，重定向，反向解析

1.2 urls.py 文件

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("book/",include("book.urls")),
]

1.3 项目urls.py文件

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path,include
from book.views import add_book,select_books,delect,update

urlpatterns = [
    path("add/",add_book,name = "add"),     #添加，反向解析配置
    path("select/",select_books,name = "03_books"), #查询路由，反向解析配置
    re_path("delect/(\d+)",delect), #删除接口
    re_path("update/(\d+)",update), #更新接口
]

1.4 models.py文件

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
#书籍表
class Book(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    #一对多
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE,db_constraint=False)
    #多对多
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author",db_constraint=False)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "book"
#出版社表
class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True)
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "Publish"
#作者表
class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    class Meta:
        db_table = "Author"

settings.py文件添加书籍库信息

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	...
	...
    'book.apps.BookConfig',
]
#数据库配置信息
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        # 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',:
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'HOST': '10.xxx',  # 数据库主机
        'PORT': 3306,  # 数据库端口
        'USER': 'root',  # 数据库用户名
        'PASSWORD': 'xxx',  # 数据库用户密码
        'NAME': 'yq',  # 数据库名字
        'OPTIONS': {
        'autocommit': True,
        'init_command': "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'",
      },
    }
}


迁移数据库并创建表
`python manage.py makemigrations`
`python manage.py migrate`

1.5 views.py文件

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from book.models import Book,Publish,Author

def add_book(request):
    """
    添加书籍，从request中获取前端访问的方式（GET/POST）来判断当前操作是打开添加页面还是提交界面
    get为打开界面
    post为提交请求
    """
    """
    单表添加操作
        添加示例一
        book = Book(title="水浒传",price="199",pub_date="2020-05-04")
        book.save() #提交保存
        方式二
        book = Book.objects.create(title="三国演义",price="199",pub_date="2020-05-04")
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        #查询作者信息
        auth = Author.objects.all()
        #查询出版社信息
        publish = Publish.objects.all()
        return render(request, "app03/add_book.html",{"auth":auth,"publish":publish})   #返回客户端html页面
    else:
        #获取多对多关系value（书籍和作者数据）
        data = request.POST.getlist("author_id")       #数据格式['3', '6']
        #获取本表和 一对多表数据（书籍信息和出版社）
        requests = request.POST.dict()  #{'title': 'dsds', 'price': '22', 'pub_date': '2022-05-11', 'author_id': '1', 'publish_id': '6'}
        #删除多对多关系值
        requests.pop("author_id")
        #插入数据
        book = Book.objects.create(**requests)
        #插入多对多
        book.authors.add(*data)

        return redirect("/book/select/")

def select_books(request):
    """
    查询书籍接口
    返回html界面所有书籍的queryset集合，由html做遍历，查询出每本书籍信息并展示
    """
    #查询所有书籍内容，返回queryset给html
    book = Book.objects.all()
    
    """
    #查询出所有数据，直接返回数据给html
    # 一对多查询，返回查询到的book表信息和出版社信息
    book = Book.objects.values("title","price","pub_date","id")
    """
    return render(request,"app03/book.html",{"book":book})

def delect(request,id):
    """
    删除书籍，并删除关联性信息（书籍对应的作者和出版社信息）
    删除成功后，直接返回书籍首页
    """
    book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)
    print(type(book))
    book.authors.clear()
    book.delete()
    return redirect("/book/select/")

def update(request,id):
    """
    更新书籍接口，从request中获取前端访问的方式（GET/POST）来判断当前操作是打开添加页面还是提交界面
    get为打开界面，获取要修该书籍的所有信息，返回给html，
    post为提交请求，更新该书籍数据
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        upbook= Book.objects.get(pk=id) #获取当前要修改书籍的对象
        publish = Publish.objects.all() #查询所有出版社信息，提供修改的选项
        author = Author.objects.all()   #查询所有作者信息，提供修改的选项
        return render(request, "app03/update_book.html", {"book": upbook,"publish":publish,"author":author})
    else:
        data = request.POST.getlist("author_id")    #获取多对多关联信息，data: ['3', '4']
        requests = request.POST.dict()  #获取前端提交的更新后的书籍信息
        # print(requests)     #返回更新字典{'title': '三国演义', 'price': '199.00', 'pub_date': '2020-05-04', 'author_id': '4', 'publish_id': '4'}
        #删除多对多关系数据，（多对多关系表是一个单独的新表，无法一条语句更新多对多关系表）
        requests.pop("author_id")  
        Book.objects.filter(pk=id).update(**requests)   #更新书籍信息和出版社的关联字段，一对多关系表
        Book.objects.get(pk=id).authors.set(data)   #更新作者表，多对多关系表
        return redirect("/book/select/")

1.6 template目录，html模板

1.6.1 base.html总模板，使用BOOstart，供其他html调用

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <link rel="icon" href="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/examples/theme/">

    {% block title %}
        <title>BOOTSTRAP</title>
    {% endblock %}

    <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
    <link href="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Bootstrap theme -->
    <link href="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"
          rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug -->
    <link href="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/css/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.css"
          rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
    <link href="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/examples/theme/theme.css"
          rel="stylesheet">



    <!-- Just for debugging purposes. Don't actually copy these 2 lines! -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/js/ie8-responsive-file-warning.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/js/ie-emulation-modes-warning.js"></script>

    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
      <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->

</head>

<body>

<!-- Fixed navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"
                    aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Bootstrap theme</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">HOME</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                        <li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
                        <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
    </div>
</nav>

<div class="container theme-showcase" role="main">

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading">导航</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                   <p> <a href="{% url '03_books' %}">书籍信息</a></p>
                   <p> <a href="{% url '03_yq' %}">2019新冠疫情平台</a></p>
                   <p> <a href="{% url '01_time' %}">时间展示</a></p>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-primary">
                <div class="panel-heading">导航</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    Panel content
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-success">
                <div class="panel-heading">导航</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    Panel content
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-10">
            {% block content %}

            {% endblock %}

        </div>
    </div>


</div> <!-- /container -->
<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/jquery.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-nvAa0+6Qg9clwYCGGPpDQLVpLNn0fRaROjHqs13t4Ggj3Ez50XnGQqc/r8MhnRDZ"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/js/vendor/jquery.min.js"><\/script>')</script>
<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/js/docs.min.js"></script>
<!-- IE10 viewport hack for Surface/desktop Windows 8 bug -->
<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/[email protected]/assets/js/ie10-viewport-bug-workaround.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

1.6.2 book.html查询显示书籍界面的html文件

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}

{#<body>#}
{#<h2>模板语法</h2>#}
{#<h3>书籍：{{ books }}</h3>#}
{#<h3>第三书籍：{{ books.2 }}</h3>#}
{##}
{#<h3>过滤器 \{\{ var|过滤器函数:参数 }}</h3>#}
{#<span>当前时间：{{ new|date:"Y-m-d" }}</span>#}
{#<span>文件大小：{{ size|filesizeformat }}</span>#}
{##}
{##}
{#<h3>标签</h3>#}
{#<h3>四大名著包含：</h3>#}
{#{% for book in books %}#}
{#    <ul >{{ book }}</ul>#}
{#{% endfor %}#}
{##}
{#</body>#}

    <a href="/book/add/">添加书籍</a>

    <table class="table">
        <tr>
            <th>序号</th>
            <th>书籍名称</th>
            <th>书籍价格</th>
            <th>作者</th>
            <th>出版社</th>
            <th>出版日期</th>
            <th>修改</th>
            <th>删除</th>
        </tr>
        {% for bok in book %}
            <tr>
                <th>{{ forloop.counter }}</th>
                <th>{{ bok.title }}</th>
                <th>{{ bok.price }}</th>
                <th>
                    {% for foo in bok.authors.all %}
                        {{ foo.name }}
                    {% endfor %}
                </th>
                <th>{{ bok.publish.name }}</th>
                <th>{{ bok.pub_date|date:"Y-m-d" }}</th>
                <th><a class="del" href="/book/update/{{ bok.id }}/">修改</a></th>
                <th><a class="del" href="/book/delect/{{ bok.id }}/">删除</a></th>
            </tr>

        {% endfor %}
    </table>
{% endblock %}

1.6.3 add_book.html添加数据 html文件

{#继承base文件#}
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <form action="" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">书籍名称</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="title">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">书籍价格</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="price">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">出版日期</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" name="pub_date">
        </div>
{#        <div class="form-group">#}
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">作者：</label>
            <select name="author_id" multiple  class="form-select form-select-sm" aria-label=".form-select-sm example">
                {% for foo in auth %}
                    <option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.name }} </option>
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="" class="">出版社</label>
            <select name="publish_id"   class="form-select form-select-sm" aria-label=".form-select-sm example">
            {% for pub in publish %}
                     <option value="{{ pub.id }}">{{ pub.name }} </option>
            {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </div>

        <div class="form-group">
            <input type="submit" class="btn success pull-right">
        </div>
    </form>

{% endblock %}

1.6.4 update_book.html修改书籍数据 html文件

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
<h2>编辑界面</h2>
    <form action="" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">书籍名称</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="title" value="{{ book.title }}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">书籍价格</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="price" value="{{ book.price }}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">出版日期</label>
            <input type="date" class="form-control" name="pub_date" value="{{ book.pub_date|date:"Y-m-d" }}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">作者</label>
           <select multiple name="author_id"   class="form-control">
                {% for auth in author %}
                    {% if auth in book.authors.all %}
                        <option selected value="{{ auth.id }}">{{ auth.name }} </option>
                        {% else %}
                        <option value="{{ auth.id }}">{{ auth.name }} </option>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            </select>

        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="">出版社</label>
            <select name="publish_id"   class="form-control">
                {% for pub in publish %}
                    {% if pub.id == book.publish.id %}
                        <option selected value="{{ pub.id }}">{{ pub.name }} </option>
                        {% else %}
                        <option value="{{ pub.id }}">{{ pub.name }} </option>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </div>

        <div class="form-group">
            <input type="submit" class="btn success pull-right">
        </div>
    </form>

{% endblock %}

界面展示

标签：管理系统,models,request,html,id,book,书籍,图书
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/megshuai/p/18518013

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