openGussDb企业版5.0.1搭建

官方文档地址：

https://docs-opengauss.osinfra.cn/zh/docs/5.0.0/docs/ReleaseNotes/Releasenotes.html

软件包&客户端下载地址：

https://opengauss.org/zh/download/

环境准备

1、软件环境要求

环境准备

1. 关闭防火墙

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

1. 设置字符集

vim /etc/profile
export LANG=zh_CN.utf8

source /etc/profile

1. 关闭swap交换内存

swapoff -a

1. 安装依赖包

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"

yum install -y libaio-devel flex bison ncurses-devel glibc-devel patch redhat-lsb-core readline-devel libnsl zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel

1. 调整主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname opengauss_71

1. 安装python3

建议版本：3.6.8或以上

python3.6.8安装：

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

yum -y install gcc wget gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool libxml2-devel libxslt-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed pcre-devel openssl-devel

mkdir /usr/local/python3

xz -d Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

tar xf Python-3.6.8.tar -C /usr/local/python3/

cd /usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.8/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3/ --enable-optimizations --enable-shared

make && make install

//创建软连接

ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3

ln -sf /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

//替换原有python文件

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python22

ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

//修改配置文件

vim /usr/bin/yum

把文件头部的#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python22

vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

把文件头部的#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python22

vim /etc/profile

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages

source /etc/profile

python3 -V

Python 3.6.8

解决此报错：

[root@node1_hostname script]# python3 -V

python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

cp /usr/local/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/local/python3/lib/

https://wen.baidu.com/question/1713236375872112900.html

python3 -V

pip依赖包安装

pip3 install --upgrade pip -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

pip3 install psutil netifaces cffi pycparser cryptography pynacl bcrypt paramiko -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

1. 重启服务器

reboot

预安装

下载软件包

下载地址：https://opengauss.org/zh/download/

根据系统版本选择对应的安装包

上传安装包

mkdir -p /soft/ogs

chmod 755 -R /soft/ogs

上传openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-all.tar.gz文件至/soft/ogs/

cd /soft/ogs

解压安装包

tar zxvf openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-all.tar.gz

装包解压后，会有OM安装包和Server安装包。继续解压OM安装包，会在/soft/ogs路径下自动生成script子目录，并且在script目录下生成gs_preinstall等各种OM工具脚本。

tar zxvf openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-om.tar.gz

添加环境变量

vim /etc/profile
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/soft/ogs/script/gspylib/clib

source /etc/profile

单节点配置

#本文为单节点安装配置，主从节点请参考官方文档

vim /soft/ogs/script/gspylib/etc/conf/config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<ROOT>

<!-- openGauss整体信息 -->

<CLUSTER>

<!-- 数据库名称 -->

<PARAM name="clusterName" value="dbCluster" />

<!-- 数据库节点名称(hostname) -->

<PARAM name="nodeNames" value="opengauss_71" />

<!-- 数据库安装目录-->

<PARAM name="gaussdbAppPath" value="/opt/huawei/install/app" />

<!-- 日志目录-->

<PARAM name="gaussdbLogPath" value="/var/log/omm" />

<!-- 临时文件目录-->

<PARAM name="tmpMppdbPath" value="/opt/huawei/tmp" />

<!-- 数据库工具目录-->

<PARAM name="gaussdbToolPath" value="/opt/huawei/install/om" />

<!-- 数据库core文件目录-->

<PARAM name="corePath" value="/opt/huawei/corefile" />

<!-- 节点IP，与数据库节点名称列表一一对应 -->

<PARAM name="backIp1s" value="10.10.77.71"/>

</CLUSTER>

<!-- 每台服务器上的节点部署信息 -->

<DEVICELIST>

<!-- 节点1上的部署信息 -->

<DEVICE sn="opengauss_71">

<!-- 节点1的主机名称 -->

<PARAM name="name" value="opengauss_71"/>

<!-- 节点1所在的AZ及AZ优先级 -->

<PARAM name="azName" value="AZ1"/>

<PARAM name="azPriority" value="1"/>

<!-- 节点1的IP，如果服务器只有一个网卡可用，将backIP1和sshIP1配置成同一个IP -->

<PARAM name="backIp1" value="10.10.77.71"/>

<PARAM name="sshIp1" value="10.10.77.71"/>

<!--dbnode-->

<PARAM name="dataNum" value="1"/>

<PARAM name="dataPortBase" value="15400"/>

<PARAM name="dataNode1" value="/opt/huawei/install/data/dn"/>

<PARAM name="dataNode1_syncNum" value="0"/>

</DEVICE>

</DEVICELIST>

</ROOT>

提示：

在执行前置脚本gs_preinstall时，需要规划好openGauss主机名称、配置文件路径、安装包存放路径、程序安装目录、实例数据目录，后续普通用户使用过程中不能再更改这些路径。

运行前置脚本gs_preinstall准备安装环境时，脚本内部会自动将openGauss配置文件、解压后的安装包同步拷贝到其余服务器的相同目录下。

本文路径：

安装包路径：/soft/ogs

数据库安装路径：/opt/huawei/

日志路径：/var/log/omm

创建数据库用户

groupadd dbgrp

useradd -g dbgrp omm

passwd omm

预安装

必须使用root账号进行操作

chmod 755 -R /soft/ogs

chown omm:dbgrp -R /soft/ogs/

cd /soft/ogs/script

#预解决A14报错

./gs_checkos -i B6

#执行初始化

[root@opengauss_71 script]# ./gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /soft/ogs/script/gspylib/etc/conf/config.xml

Parsing the configuration file.

Successfully parsed the configuration file.

Installing the tools on the local node.

Successfully installed the tools on the local node.

Setting host ip env

Successfully set host ip env.

Are you sure you want to create the user[omm] (yes/no)? yes

Preparing SSH service.

Successfully prepared SSH service.

Checking OS software.

Successfully check os software.

Checking OS version.

Successfully checked OS version.

Creating cluster's path.

Successfully created cluster's path.

Set and check OS parameter.

Setting OS parameters.

Successfully set OS parameters.

Warning: Installation environment contains some warning messages.

Please get more details by "/soft/ogs/script/gs_checkos -i A -h opengauss_71 --detail".

Set and check OS parameter completed.

Preparing CRON service.

Successfully prepared CRON service.

Setting user environmental variables.

Successfully set user environmental variables.

Setting the dynamic link library.

Successfully set the dynamic link library.

Setting Core file

Successfully set core path.

Setting pssh path

Successfully set pssh path.

Setting Cgroup.

Successfully set Cgroup.

Set ARM Optimization.

No need to set ARM Optimization.

Fixing server package owner.

Setting finish flag.

Successfully set finish flag.

Preinstallation succeeded.

#初始化若异常可参考以下地址解决

https://blog.csdn.net/Oliviahome/article/details/130077236

#执行检查

[root@opengauss_71 script]# /soft/ogs/script/gs_checkos -i A -h opengauss_71 --detail

最后显示则正常：

Total numbers:14. Abnormal numbers:0. Warning numbers:4.

正式安装

执行安装

（1）目录授权

chown -R omm.dbgrp /opt/huawei

chown -R omm.dbgrp /soft/ogs/

（2）执行安装

su - omm

cd /soft/ogs/script

./gs_install -X /soft/ogs/script/gspylib/etc/conf/config.xml --gsinit-parameter="--locale=en_US.utf8"

[omm@opengauss_71 script]$ ./gs_install -X /soft/ogs/script/gspylib/etc/conf/config.xml --gsinit-parameter="--locale=en_US.utf8"

Parsing the configuration file.

Check preinstall on every node.

Successfully checked preinstall on every node.

Creating the backup directory.

Successfully created the backup directory.

begin deploy..

Installing the cluster.

begin prepare Install Cluster..

Checking the installation environment on all nodes.

begin install Cluster..

Installing applications on all nodes.

Successfully installed APP.

begin init Instance..

encrypt cipher and rand files for database.

Please enter password for database:

Please repeat for database:

[GAUSS-50322] : Failed to encrypt the password for databaseError:

Try "gs_guc --help" for more information.

Invalid password,it must contain at least three kinds of characters

Please enter password for database:

Please repeat for database:

begin to create CA cert files

The sslcert will be generated in /opt/huawei/install/app/share/sslcert/om

NO cm_server instance, no need to create CA for CM.

Non-dss_ssl_enable, no need to create CA for DSS

Cluster installation is completed.

Configuring.

Deleting instances from all nodes.

Successfully deleted instances from all nodes.

Checking node configuration on all nodes.

Initializing instances on all nodes.

Updating instance configuration on all nodes.

Check consistence of memCheck and coresCheck on database nodes.

Configuring pg_hba on all nodes.

Configuration is completed.

The cluster status is Normal.

Successfully started cluster.

Successfully installed application.

end deploy..

安装过程中提示输入密码，注意密码复杂度必须满足数字、字母、大写字母、特殊字符内的三个条件，不然会报[GAUSS-50322]错误，示例密码：umpay@2010

查看数据库

（1）查看数据库

[omm@opengauss_71 script]$ gs_om -t status

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

cluster_name : dbCluster

cluster_state : Normal

redistributing : No

1. 登录数据库

[omm@opengauss_71 script]$ gsql -d postgres -p15400

gsql ((openGauss 5.0.1 build 33b035fd) compiled at 2023-12-15 20:19:06 commit 0 last mr )

Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)

Type "help" for help.

openGauss=#

安装后基础配置

1、开启远程登录

配置客户端认证方式，请参考官网配置客户端接入认证。

配置listen_addresses，listen_addresses即远程客户端连接使用的数据库主节点ip或者主机名。

1、以操作系统用户omm登录数据库主节点。

#su - omm

2、使用如下命令查看数据库主节点目前的listen_addresses配置。

gs_guc check -I all -c "listen_addresses"

3、使用如下命令把要添加的ip追加到listen_addresses后面，多个集群之间用英文逗号分隔。例如，追加ip地址10.10.77.70。（数据库地址，单机版默认不需要添加）

gs_guc set -I all -c "listen_addresses='localhost,10.10.77.70'"

4、配置pg_hba.conf，添加数据库主节点ip和客户端ip。

使用如下命令添加数据库访问节点ip到pg_hba.conf，其中ga_umso为数据库授权用户名称（也可是all），认证方式为sha256

gs_guc set -N all -I all -h "host all ga_umso 0.0.0.0/0 sha256"

gs_guc set -N all -I all -h "host all ga_umso 10.10.85.0/32 sha256"

1. 执行如下命令重启openGauss。

gs_om -t stop && gs_om -t stop

gs_om -t stop && gs_om -t start

2、创建用户

su - omm

#连接数据库

gsql -d postgres -p15400

#创建新用户

# 将会在postgres下创建用户ga_umso，在其他数据库下是无法删除此用户

CREATE USER ga_umso WITH Sysadmin IDENTIFIED BY 'umso@123';

# 给用户授权

GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO ga_umso;

GRANT USAGE,SELECT ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA ga_umso TO ga_umso;

# 查看用户列表

\du

# 查看用户ga_mason

\du ga_umso

# 删除用户

drop user ga_umso;

# 切换用户，需要输入密码

\c - ga_umso

如下图：

创建数据库

#创建数据库

数据库：表空间>数据库>表

（1）查看表空间

openGauss=# \db

（2）查看数据库

openGauss=# \l

（3）创建数据库

a.创建数据库对象时可以指定表空间；

b.可以不创建表空间，创建数据库对象时不指定表空间，相关的数据库对象会默认保存在PG_DEFAULT空间中。

# 创建新的表空间umso_tbs；

CREATE TABLESPACE umso_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/umso_tbs';

# 创建ga_umso数据库，指定表空间umso_tbs

CREATE DATABASE ga_umso WITH TABLESPACE = umso_tbs;

（4）不指定表空间创建

CREATE DATABASE ga_umstest;

（5）删除数据库

DROP DATABASE ga_umstest;

（6）切换数据库

openGauss=# \c ga_umso

客户端配置

linux客户端

（一）获取客户端lib包

从官网获取openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-Libpq.tar.gz软件包，如下：

（二）客户端配置

#创建客户端目录

mkdir -pv /ums/command/opengauss_client

#上传openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-Libpq.tar.gz 至/ums/command/opengauss_client

#解压lib包

tar zxvf openGauss-5.0.1-CentOS-64bit-Libpq.tar.gz

#登录数据库主节点所在的服务器，拷贝数据库安装目录下的bin目录到客户端主机的“/ums/command/opengauss_client”路径下。

scp -r /opt/huawei/install/app/bin [email protected]:/ums/command/opengauss_client

#登录客户端服务器，配置环境变量

cd && vim .bash_profile

#在最后添加如下变量

export PATH=/ums/command/opengauss_client/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/ums/command/opengauss_client/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

source .bash_profile

#执行远程连接

gsql -d ga_umso -h 10.10.77.71 -U ga_umso -p 15400 -W umso@123

1. 解决连接报错

本文客户端为麒麟V10系统，因版本内核较高有lib包依赖问题，解决方式如下：

#解决连接报错

[umpay@localhost ~]$ gsql -d ga_umso -h 10.10.77.71 -U ga_umso -p 15400 -W umso@123

gsql: error while loading shared libraries: libreadline.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因分析：系统已安装libreadline.so.7，libreadline.so.6的版本已过时，将版本7做软连接为版本6即可解决问题！

解决步骤：

su - root

cd /usr/lib64/

ln -s libreadline.so.7.0 libreadline.so.6

#若配置了oracle客户端，解决sqlplus连接报错（未配置可忽略）

[umpay@localhost ~]$ sqlplus

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因分析：系统已安装libnsl.so.2，libnsl.so.1的版本已过时，将版本2做软连接为版本1即可解决问题！

解决步骤：

su - root

cd /usr/lib64/

ln -s libnsl.so.2.0.0 libnsl.so.1

windows客户端

#注意使用windows客户端需安装jdk11或以上版本，请到oracle官网下载，下载地址：

https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-glance.html

#通过官网下载DataStudio_win_64.zip安装包，如下图：

#点击下图图标打开应用

#输入配置节点信息

#连接后如下图：