Docker快速使用

标签：ago jekyll IMAGE ID nginx 使用 Docker 快速 docker

镜像操作

检索：docker search

搜索 nginx：

$ docker search nginx
NAME                                     DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL
nginx                                    Official build of Nginx.                        20295     [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress                      NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   95
nginx/unit                               This repository is retired, use the Docker o…   63
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter          NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   43
nginx/nginx-ingress-operator             NGINX Ingress Operator for NGINX and NGINX P…   2
......

下载：docker pull

下载 nginx：docker pull nginx 等价于 docker pull nginx:latest，也就是下载 Tag 为 latest 的版本。也可以下载其他版本，版本 Tag 在 dockerhub 上找。

$ docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a480a496ba95: Pulling fs layer
......
6476794e50f4: Pull complete
70850b3ec6b2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:28402db69fec7c17e179ea87882667f1e054391138f77ffaf0c3eb388efc3ffb
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

下载指定版本的 nginx：

$ docker pull nginx:1.26.2-perl

列表：docker images，等价于 docker image ls

$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG           IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye    33dc21359970   5 days ago      1.63GB
nginx                                    latest        3b25b682ea82   2 weeks ago     192MB
nginx                                    1.26.2-perl   21f4ed8233e7   2 months ago    236MB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest        3c7afda80cab   23 months ago   829MB

删除：docker rmi，需要指定版本，或者通过镜像的 id 删除

$ docker rmi nginx:1.26.2-perl
Untagged: nginx:1.26.2-perl
Untagged: nginx@sha256:bfe724ad249d572941b3850b144c72ef7c231d29ce12ca1afaa0a97c775e96eb
Deleted: sha256:21f4ed8233e7035aedd8f47907684ac8bd0dd60f9440632b479594af745bd901
......

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago      1.63GB
nginx                                    latest       3b25b682ea82   2 weeks ago     192MB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago   829MB

容器操作

运行：docker run，docker run --help 可以查看帮助文档。如果没有镜像，会自动下载。

$ docker run nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
......

查看：docker ps

新建一个终端，使用 docker ps 查看运行中的容器：

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   12 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   80/tcp    hungry_hugle

ctrl + c 退出运行中的容器后，使用 docker ps -a 查看所有容器：

$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx                                               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 46 seconds ago             hungry_hugle
6e8d4f5323a1   mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll:2-bullseye   "/bin/sh -c 'echo Co…"   3 days ago           Exited (0) 30 minutes ago             laughing_sinoussi

启动：docker start

$ docker start b15
b15
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 4 seconds   80/tcp    hungry_hugle

停止：docker stop

$ docker stop b15
b15
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx                                               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 seconds ago             hungry_hugle
6e8d4f5323a1   mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll:2-bullseye   "/bin/sh -c 'echo Co…"   3 days ago      Exited (0) 34 minutes ago             laughing_sinoussi

重启：docker restart，无论容器是运行中还是停止了，都可以用这个命令重启

$ docker restart b15
b15
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   80/tcp    hungry_hugle

状态：docker stats

$ docker stats b15
CONTAINER ID   NAME           CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O       BLOCK I/O   PIDS
b150fba7e9ca   hungry_hugle   0.00%     15.63MiB / 15.51GiB   0.10%     1.05kB / 0B   0B / 0B     21
......

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b150fba7e9ca   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp    hungry_hugle

日志：docker logs
进入：docker exec
删除：docker rm，删除停止运行的容器，或者使用 docker rm -f 强制删除运行中的容器

$ docker rm -f b15
b15
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED      STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
6e8d4f5323a1   mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll:2-bullseye   "/bin/sh -c 'echo Co…"   3 days ago   Exited (0) 41 minutes ago             laughing_sinoussi

run 细节

启动参数：-d 后台启动，--name xxx 命名容器为 xxx

$ docker run -d --name ng nginx
394b272f61435eb16e78773d37ab19f0db2bc43108d75b3cc60e21ac0a0a4115
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
394b272f6143   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds   80/tcp    ng

端口映射：使用 -p 参数，docker run -d --name ng -p 88:80 nginx 中的 88 是本地电脑端口，80 是容器端口

$ docker rm -f ng
ng
$ docker run -d --name ng -p 88:80 nginx
b50f97ef0ee828ab46cfd2f71799b4e8f24d98e43f2a8ed4858efdff7e7ccc1a
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
b50f97ef0ee8   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   ng

然后在本地电脑的浏览器中输入 http://127.0.0.1:88/，就能看见 nginx 的页面。

修改 nginx 页面：使用 docker exec 进入容器，找到 /usr/share/nginx/html 并修改。-i 表示交互式操作，-t 表示终端，/bin/bash 是用的交互式 Shell

$ docker exec -it ng /bin/bash
the input device is not a TTY.  If you are using mintty, try prefixing the command with 'winpty'

在 Windows 上运行 git bash 来执行 docker 命令，使用 -it 参数时会报此错误，切换 PowerShell 即可。

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> docker exec -it ng /bin/bash
root@b50f97ef0ee8:/# ls
bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@b50f97ef0ee8:/# echo "haha" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

然后在本地电脑的浏览器中输入 http://127.0.0.1:88/，就能看见修改后的 nginx 的页面。

保存镜像

提交：docker commit，--help 可以查看格式。提交一个名叫 mynginx ，版本为 v1.0 的镜像

$ docker commit -m 'update index.html' ng mynginx:v1.0
sha256:430bf70e704e03ce31c24b59529e508b9d303a9a2f6e2a2ffafda5506a87245e
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
mynginx                                  v1.0         430bf70e704e   About a minute ago   192MB
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago           1.63GB
nginx                                    latest       3b25b682ea82   2 weeks ago          192MB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago        829MB

保存：docker save，-o 参数把镜像写到一个文件里

$ docker save -o mynginx.tar mynginx:v1.0
$ ls
 mynginx.tar

加载：docker load

先删除这两个已有的 nginx 镜像：

$ docker rm -f ng
ng
d
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mynginx                                  v1.0         430bf70e704e   5 minutes ago   192MB
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago      1.63GB
nginx                                    latest       3b25b682ea82   2 weeks ago     192MB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago   829MB
$ docker rmi 430bf70e704e 3b25b682ea82
Untagged: mynginx:v1.0
Deleted: sha256:430bf70e704e03ce31c24b59529e508b9d303a9a2f6e2a2ffafda5506a87245e
......
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago      1.63GB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago   829MB

再导入之前导出的 nginx 镜像，-i 参数表示从一个文件中导入：

$ docker load -i mynginx.tar
Loaded image: mynginx:v1.0
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mynginx                                  v1.0         430bf70e704e   9 minutes ago   192MB
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago      1.63GB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago   829MB
$ docker run -d --name app -p 89:80 mynginx:v1.0
f4afb14bc79c6f7e8f964cee09aef2925213f95442a69913c24dae5e3024977e
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                NAMES
f4afb14bc79c   mynginx:v1.0   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   app

然后在本地电脑的浏览器中输入 http://127.0.0.1:89/，就能看见修改后的 nginx 的页面。

分享镜像

$ docker login
Authenticating with existing credentials...
Login Succeeded

命名：docker tag，--help 查看用法为 docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]，推送到 dockerhub 的镜像名称必须以用户名开头

$ docker tag mynginx:v1.0 n1ce2cv/myng:v1.0
$ docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
n1ce2cv/myng                             v1.0         430bf70e704e   18 minutes ago   192MB
mynginx                                  v1.0         430bf70e704e   18 minutes ago   192MB
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/jekyll   2-bullseye   33dc21359970   5 days ago       1.63GB
jekyll/jekyll                            latest       3c7afda80cab   23 months ago    829MB

推送：docker push

$ docker push n1ce2cv/myng:v1.0
The push refers to repository [docker.io/n1ce2cv/myng]
de60cfb9b744: Preparing
......

然后就能在 dockerhub 中看见推送上去的镜像。最好制作一个 Tag 为 latest 的镜像，这样不带 Tag 的 pull 就会默认下载这个最新的镜像。

标签：ago,jekyll,IMAGE,ID,nginx,使用,Docker,快速,docker
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/sprinining/p/18494151

Docker快速使用