实训四十二天
1.学习重点
1.数据库连接池
2.基础框架
3.QueryRunner类
2.学习内容
数据库连接池
connection是一种稀有资源,一个连接建立就创造了一个资源
JDBC使用数据库连接的必要性
在使用基于web程序的数据库连接
1、在主程序中建立连接
2、执行SQL
3、断开连接
所有的JDBC连接通过DriverManager.getConnection。
用完的连接不要被垃圾回收,能够重复使用
“池化思想”
每次去初始化一个连接池,连接池中会有很多个连接等待被使用。
使用完连接之后,不需要关闭连接,只需要把连接还回到连接池,
还回到连接池的操作不需要我们手动控制。
设置一些属性:最大等待时间。
(1)C3P0,2代数据库连接池,太老了,不学
(2)DBCP,2代数据库连接池,太老了,不学
(3)Druid(德鲁伊)数据库连接池,最好用的连接池。
阿里巴巴开源平台上的一个数据库连接池实现,整合了C3P0和DBCP各自的优点
加入了日志监控,可以监控sql语句的执行情况。
(4)Hikari(光),目前最快的连接池。springboot默认的连接池。
必须有对应的属性文件
.properties
约定 > 配置 > 编码
德鲁伊
druid.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jsoft?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
druid.username=root
druid.password=root
druid.driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
druid.initialSize=10
druid.maxActive=20
druid.maxWait=20
public void test01() throws IOException, SQLException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(Ch01.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.configFromPropety(properties);
System.out.println(druidDataSource.getConnection());
System.out.println(druidDataSource.getCreateCount());
}
Hikari
jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jsoft?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username=root
password=root
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
public void test01() throws IOException, SQLException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(Ch01.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("hikari.properties"));
HikariConfig hikariConfig = new HikariConfig(properties);
HikariDataSource hikariDataSource = new HikariDataSource(hikariConfig);
System.out.println(hikariDataSource.getConnection());
}
德鲁伊工具包
public class BaseDao {
public static final DataSource DATA_SOURCE;
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(Ch01.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
// 创建德鲁伊的数据源
DATA_SOURCE = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void release(Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {
if(Objects.nonNull(stmt)) {
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if(Objects.nonNull(rs)){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
定义接口
/**
* 约束
* 约定
*/
public interface IBaseDao<T> {
/**
* 获取连接的方法
*/
Connection getConnection();
/**
* 关闭资源
*/
void closeAll(Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet);
/**
* 通用的保存
*/
void save(Object object);
/**
* 通用的查询所有
*/
List<T> findAll(Class clazz);
/**
* 通用的更新的方法
*/
void update(Object obj,String fieldName,Object fieldValue);
/**
* 通用的删除
*/
void delete(Class clazz,String fieldName,Object fieldValue);
/**
* 查询单条数据
*/
T findOne(Class clazz,String fieldName,Object fieldValue);
}
接口实现类
/**
* 约定:
* 1、表名和类名必须相同
* 2、表的字段名和类的属性名必须相同
*
* @param <T> 泛型是要操作的类
*/
public class BaseDaoImpl<T> implements IBaseDao<T> {
private static final DataSource DATA_SOURCE;
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(Ch01.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
// 创建德鲁伊的数据源
DATA_SOURCE = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
try {
return DATA_SOURCE.getConnection();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void closeAll(Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {
if(Objects.nonNull(stmt)) {
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if(Objects.nonNull(rs)){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
/**
* 通用的保存方法
* @param object 传入一个要保存的对象
*/
@Override
public void save(Object object) {
// insert into user(id,username,password) values (?,?,?)
Class clazz = object.getClass();
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
// 拼接出一个insert语句
StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder("insert into ");
// insert into user
String[] split = clazz.getName().split("\\.");
strb.append(split[split.length - 1]);
strb.append(" (");
for (Field field : fields) {
strb.append(field.getName().toLowerCase()).append(",");
}
// insert into user (id,username,password
strb.deleteCharAt(strb.length() - 1);
strb.append(") values (");
for (Field field : fields) {
strb.append("?,");
}
strb.deleteCharAt(strb.length() - 1);
strb.append(")");
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
Connection conn = DATA_SOURCE.getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(strb.toString());
// 给?赋值
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
fields[i].setAccessible(true);
pstmt.setObject(i+1,fields[i].get(object));
}
pstmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
closeAll(pstmt,null);
}
}
/**
* 通用的查询所有的方法
* @param clazz 要操作的对象.class类型
* @return
*/
@Override
public List<T> findAll(Class clazz) {
// 拼sql
// select id,username,password from user
// 其中id,username,password可变的他们都是一个类的属性
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
// 利用反射获取属性名
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
// 拼装sql语句,拼字符串
StringBuilder fieldStr = new StringBuilder();
fieldStr.append("select ");
for (Field field : fields) {
// id,username,password,
fieldStr.append(field.getName().toLowerCase()).append(",");
}
// select id,username,password
fieldStr.deleteCharAt(fieldStr.length() - 1);
fieldStr.append(" from ");
// select id,username,password from
//
String clazzName = clazz.getName().toLowerCase();
System.out.println(clazzName + "--------------------");
String[] split = clazzName.split("\\.");
fieldStr.append(split[split.length - 1]);
// select id,username,password from user
Connection conn = getConnection();
try {
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(fieldStr.toString());
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
// 1. 创建对象
Object obj = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
for (Field field : fields) {
Object value = rs.getObject(field.getName());
// 访问私有化的结构
field.setAccessible(true);
// 利用反射给属性赋值,赋不上值
// 因为属性一定是private
field.set(obj,value);
}
list.add((T) obj);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
closeAll(pstmt,rs);
}
return list;
}
/**
* 通用的修改
* @param obj 要修改的对象
* @param fieldName 根据什么去修改数据 id
* @param fieldValue 根据条件的值 1
*/
@Override
public void update(Object obj, String fieldName, Object fieldValue) {
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
Class clazz = obj.getClass();
// 拼接出一个update语句
// update user set
StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder("update " + clazz.getName().toLowerCase().substring(clazz.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1) + " set ");
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
// update user set username = ?,password = ?,
strb.append(field.getName()).append(" = ").append("?").append(",");
}
strb.deleteCharAt(strb.length() - 1);
// update user set username = ?,password = ?
strb.append(" where ").append(fieldName).append("=").append(fieldValue);
// System.out.println(strb.toString());
try {
Connection conn = DATA_SOURCE.getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(strb.toString());
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
fields[i].setAccessible(true);
pstmt.setObject(i+1,fields[i].get(obj));
}
pstmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
closeAll(pstmt,null);
}
}
/**
* 通用的删除
* @param clazz 要删除的类.class
* @param fieldName 根据什么去删除 id
* @param fieldValue 根据的条件的值 1
*/
@Override
public void delete(Class clazz, String fieldName, Object fieldValue) {
// 拼接一个delete语句
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("delete from ");
// delete from user
sql.append(clazz.getName().toLowerCase().substring(clazz.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1));
sql.append(" where ").append(fieldName).append(" = ?");
try {
Connection conn = DATA_SOURCE.getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
pstmt.setObject(1,fieldValue);
pstmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
closeAll(pstmt,null);
}
}
/**
* 查询某一条记录
* @param clazz 要查询的类.class
* @param fieldName 根据什么去查询 id
* @param fieldValue 查询的条件的值 1
* @return
*/
@Override
public T findOne(Class clazz, String fieldName, Object fieldValue) {
T t = null;
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
// 拼接一个select语句
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
StringBuilder strb = new StringBuilder();
strb.append("select ");
for (Field field : fields) {
strb.append(field.getName().toLowerCase()).append(",");
}
strb.deleteCharAt(strb.length() - 1);
// select id,username,password
strb.append(" from ");
strb.append(clazz.getName().toLowerCase().substring(clazz.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1));
// select id,username,password from user
strb.append(" where ");
strb.append(fieldName).append("= ?");
// select id,username,password from user where id = ?
try {
Connection conn = DATA_SOURCE.getConnection();
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(strb.toString());
pstmt.setObject(1,fieldValue);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()) {
Object o = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
for (Field field : fields) {
Object value = rs.getObject(field.getName());
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(o,value);
}
t = (T) o;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return t;
}
}
QueryRunner
/**
* 需要引入一个依赖jar包
* DBUtils
*/
public class Ch01 {
@Test
public void test03() throws SQLException {
QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(BaseDao.DATA_SOURCE);
int i = runner.update("update teacher set name = ? where id = ?", "mmm", 6);
System.out.println(i);
}
/**
* 查询一个记录
*/
@Test
public void test02() throws SQLException {
QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(BaseDao.DATA_SOURCE);
Teacher teacher = runner.query("select * from teacher where id = ?", new BeanHandler<>(Teacher.class), 1);
System.out.println(teacher);
}
/**
* 查询多个记录
* @throws SQLException
*/
@Test
public void test01() throws SQLException {
// 要使用DBUtils使用的是一个类
// 传入的是一个数据源DataSource,不是一个Connection
QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(BaseDao.DATA_SOURCE);
// 查询多个记录
List<Teacher> teachers = runner.query("select * from teacher", new BeanListHandler<>(Teacher.class));
System.out.println(teachers);
}
}
定义接口
public interface DAO<T> {
/**
* 更新
* @return
*/
int update(String sql,Object ... args) throws Exception;
/**
* 通用的查询所有
*/
List<T> getForList(String sql,Object... args) throws Exception;
/**
* 通用的查询单个
*/
T get(String sql,Object...args) throws Exception;
/**
* 查询某一个列的值,统计
*/
<E> E getForValue(String sql,Object ... args) throws SQLException;
}
接口实现类
public class DAOImpl<T> implements DAO<T> {
private QueryRunner runner = null;
private Class<T> type;
/**
* 这个构造器中在做的事:
* 为了获取Class<T> type = Teacher.class
*/
public DAOImpl() {
runner = new QueryRunner(JDBCUtil.getDataSource());
// 获得当前类的带有泛型类型的父类(运行期this其实是DAOImpl的某个子类)
ParameterizedType ptClass = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
type = (Class<T>) ptClass.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
}
@Override
public int update(String sql, Object... args) throws Exception {
return runner.update(sql,args);
}
@Override
public List<T> getForList(String sql, Object... args) throws Exception {
return runner.query(sql,new BeanListHandler<>(type),args);
}
@Override
public T get(String sql, Object... args) throws Exception {
return runner.query(sql,new BeanHandler<>(type),args);
}
@Override
public <E> E getForValue(String sql, Object... args) throws SQLException {
return (E) runner.query(sql,new ScalarHandler<>(),args);
}
}
JDBC工具类
public class JDBCUtil {
private static final DataSource DATA_SOURCE;
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(Ch01.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
DATA_SOURCE = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static DataSource getDataSource() {
return DATA_SOURCE;
}
}
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From: https://www.cnblogs.com/zxscj/p/16610540.html