学习高校课程-软件工程-软件流程（ch3）

3.1 A GENERIC PROCESS MODEL 通用过程模型

线性流和迭代流

演化流和并行流

3.2 DEFINING A FRAMEWORK ACTIVITY 定义框架活动

What actions are appropriate for a framework activity, given the nature of the problem to be solved, the characteristics of the people doing the work, and the stakeholders who are sponsoring the project?
考虑到要解决的问题的性质、工作人员以及赞助该项目的利益相关者，哪些行动适合框架活动？

For a small software project ：
phone conversation
唯一必要的行动是电话交谈
① Make contact with stakeholder via telephone.
通过电话与利益相关者取得联系。
② Discuss requirements and develop notes.
讨论需求并制定注释。
③ Organize notes into a brief written statement of requirements.
将笔记整理成简短的书面要求说明。
④ Email to stakeholder for review and approval
发送电子邮件给利益相关者以供审核和批准

For a conflecting software project ：

• inception 启发
• elicitation 诱导需求
  功能需求和非功能需求function requirement and non-function requirements)→requirement gathering
• elaboration 细化
  建模，用UML各种diagram对需求内容进行抽象
• negotiation 协商
  甲方讨论需要和不需要的需求，需求规约，需求分析，与3存在迭代
• specification 规约
• validation 确认

3.3 IDENTIFYING A TASK SET 识别任务集

each a collection of software engineering work tasks, related work products, quality assurance points, and project milestones
每个任务集都是软件工程工作任务、相关工作产品、质量保证点和项目里程碑的集合

3.4 PROCESS PATTERNS 流程模式

A process pattern describes a process-related problem that is encountered during software engineering work, identifies the environment in which the problem has been encountered, and
suggests one or more proven solutions to the problem
过程模式描述了在软件工程工作期间遇到的与过程相关的问题，识别遇到问题的环境，并提出一个或多个经过验证的问题解决方案

3.5 PROCESS ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT 过程评估和改进

A number of different approaches to software process assessment and improvement have been proposed over the past few decades:
在过去的几十年里，人们提出了许多不同的软件过程评估和改进方法

Standard CMMI Assessment Method for Process Improvement(SCAMPI)：—provides a five-step process assessment model that incorporates five phases: initiating, diagnosing, establishing,acting, and learning
标准 CMMI 流程改进评估方法 (SCAMPI) — 提供了一个五步流程评估模型，其中包含五个阶段​​：启动、诊断、建立、行动和学习。

CMM-Based Appraisal for Internal Process Improvement (CBAIPI)
基于 CMM 的内部流程改进评估 (CBA IPI)

SPICE (ISO/IEC15504)

ISO 9001:2000 for Software — a generic standard