wait与notify用于syncronized的线程间通信的一种,wait用来阻塞线程并释放锁,notify用来唤醒线程。他们与condition作用基本一致,但是由于syncronized为jdk实现,阅读源码有难度,所以通过了解其原理,用来帮助我们后续理解condition的源码。
可以通过下面一张图来理解:
下面通过一个简单的生产者与消费者的例子来体会一下这两个API的用法
生产者代码:
package com.caozz.demo5.concurrent;
import java.util.Queue;
public class Producer implements Runnable{
private Queue<String> bags;
private int maxSize;
public Producer(Queue<String> bags, int maxSize) {
this.bags = bags;
this.maxSize = maxSize;
}
@Override
public void run(){
int i = 0;
while (true) {
i++;
synchronized (bags) {
if (bags.size() >= maxSize) {
System.out.println("bags 满了");
try {
bags.wait();//满了则阻塞当前线程并释放
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("生产者生产: bag" + i);
bags.add("bag" + i);
bags.notify();//表示已经生产数据了,消费者可以消费了(消费者不一定能抢到锁)
}
}
}
}
消费者代码:
package com.caozz.demo5.concurrent;
import java.util.Queue;
public class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Queue<String> bags;
public Consumer(Queue<String> bags){
this.bags = bags;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//与生产者肯定是同一个对象,否则不是同一把锁就无法实现线程间通信了
synchronized (bags) {
if (bags.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("bags 为空");
try {
bags.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String bag = bags.remove();
System.out.println("消费者消费:" + bag);
//如果生产者满了被阻塞,此时消费了所以必然可以继续生产
//这里只是唤醒线程,但是生产者并不能马上执行,因为需要等到同步代码块执行完成,即monitorexit指令执行完成
bags.notify();
}
}
}
}
测试:
package com.caozz.demo5.controller;
import com.caozz.demo5.concurrent.Consumer;
import com.caozz.demo5.concurrent.Producer;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
// lock.lock();
// lock.unlock();
Queue<String> bags = new LinkedList<>();
int maxSize = 500;
Producer producer = new Producer(bags, maxSize);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(bags);
new Thread(producer).start();
Thread.sleep(1);
new Thread(consumer).start();
}
}
部分执行结果:省略号省略得内容连续
消费者消费:bag183545
消费者消费:bag183546
消费者消费:bag183547
生产者生产: bag183572
生产者生产: bag183573
...
生产者生产: bag183580
消费者消费:bag183548
...
消费者消费:bag183580
bags 为空
生产者生产: bag183581
生产者生产: bag183582
消费者消费:bag183581
消费者消费:bag183582
bags 为空
生产者生产: bag183583
...
生产者生产: bag183591
消费者消费:bag183583
消费者消费:bag183584