function words

Articles (the,a/an)
Auxiliaries (can,must,might,will)
Demonstratives (this,these,that,those)
Quantifiers (many,few,little,some)
Prepositions (on,with,to,from)
Pronouns (he,she,they,we)
Conjunctions (and,but,or,but)

1.Reducing Conjunction 弱读连词

and /ænd/→/ən/

eg.apples and oranges

you and me

or /ɔ:r/→/ər/

eg.soup or salad

he or she

as /æz/→/əz/

eg.might as well

as soon as

2.Reducing Prepositions 弱读介词

to /tu:/→/tə/

eg.Talk to me.

He asked me to go.

for /fɔ:(r)/→/fə(r)/

eg.Are you looking for trouble?

What's for dinner?

of /ʌv//ɒv/→/əv//ə/

eg.worse of all 

a glass of water

a lot of people 

one of those

part of

kind of

sort of

3.Reducing Auxiliary Verbs 弱读助动词

have /hæv/→/əv//ə/

eg.You could have gone with me.(/əv/)

I should have done that.(/ə/)

has /hæz/→/əz//ə/

eg. 

Where has she been?/ə/

It has a view./əz/

can /kæn/→/kən/

eg.I can do this.

Can you make it?

4.Reducing Pronouns 弱读代词

he /hi/→/i/

eg.Could he cheat?

Would he come?

you /ju/→/yə/

eg.I gave it to you.

Talk to you later.

See you.

her /hə(r)/→/ə(r)/

eg.Use her notes.

I like her.

his /hɪz/→/ɪz/

eg.Use his notes.

I got his name.

him /hɪm/→/ɪm//əm/

eg.Give him time./ɪm/

Let him know./əm/

5.Reducing Verb+to 弱读动词+to

want to → wanna

eg.I want to get it done.

I want to go out tonight.

going to → gonna

eg.I am going to do my homework tomorrow.

I am going to visit my parents.

have to → hafta

eg.You have to talk to your mom.

You have to work hard.

has to → hasta

eg.She has to wear a mask.

She has to go to school.

had to → hada

eg.She had to get a ride last night.

ought to → oudda

eg.I ought to try harder.