matplotlib

绘制折线图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x=[...]
y=[...]

plt.plot(x,y,label='1',linestyle='--',color='red',alpha=0.5)#plot的参数有多种
plt.show

设置图片大小

...
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
...
plt.savefig("./sig_size.png")#保存图片

调整坐标轴的刻度

plt.xticks(x[::2]，rotation=90)#2是列表的步长，通过调节步长来解决刻度的疏密.rotation可以使得字符串旋转

设置中文显示

font = {'family': 'SimHei',
        'weight': 'bold',
        'size': '16'}
plt.rc('font', **font)               # 步骤一（设置字体的更多属性）
plt.rc('axes', unicode_minus=False)  # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）

绘制直方图以及添加文本注释

a = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136, 123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127, 105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114, 105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134, 156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102, 123, 107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133, 112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135, 115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154, 136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141, 120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126, 114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92, 121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113, 134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110, 105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101, 131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111, 111, 133, 150]

bin_width = 3#直方图组距
num_bins = int((max(a) - min(a)) / bin_width)#组数

# 计算直方图
n, bins, patches = plt.hist(a, num_bins)#plt.hist函数，传入需要统计的数据以及组数即可
'''n, bins, patches: 这些是 hist 函数返回的三个值，分别代表：
n: 一个数组，包含了每个 bin 区间内的数据点数量。
bins: 一个数组，包含了所有 bin 区间的边界值。
patches: 一个列表，包含了 Rectangle 对象，这些对象代表了直方图中的每一个柱状图。'''

# 添加标签到每个条形图顶部
for i in range(len(patches)):
    x = patches[i].get_x() + patches[i].get_width() / 2.  #patches[i] 获取第 i 个柱状图对象。get_x() 返回该柱状图左边缘的横坐标。get_width() 返回该柱状图的宽度。x 计算出柱状图中心的横坐标，即左边缘横坐标加上宽度的一半。
    y = patches[i].get_height()
    plt.text(x, y, '%d' % int(y), ha='center', va='bottom')#% 操作符将 %d 占位符与 int(y) 结合起来，将 int(y) 的值替换到 %d 的位置。

绘制条形图

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] 单位:亿

x = range(len(a))
y = b
plt.bar(x,b,width = 0.2,color = "red")
plt.xticks(x,a) #用xticks实现数字与字符串的对应