读写

__int128

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, lnt integer)
{
	if (integer < 0)
	{
		output << "-"; integer *= -1;
	}
	string str;
	do
	{
		str.push_back('0' + char(integer % 10)); integer /= 10;
	} while (integer != 0);
	reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
	output << str;
	return output;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& input, lnt& integer)
{
	string str; input >> str; integer = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)
	{
		integer = integer * 10 + str[i] - '0';
	}
	return input;
}

快读快写

namespace FastIO
{
	template<int SIZE>
	class C_IOBUF
	{
	private:
		char p[SIZE], * p1, * p2, q[SIZE], * q1, * q2;
	public:
		C_IOBUF(void) { p1 = p2 = p, q1 = q, q2 = q + SIZE; }
		char GetChar(void)
		{
			return p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = p) + fread(p, 1, SIZE, stdin)), p1 == p2 ? EOF : *p1++;
		}
		void PutChar(char c)
		{
			if (q1 == q2) q2 = (q1 = q) + fwrite(q, 1, SIZE, stdout); *q1++ = c;
		}
		~C_IOBUF(void) { fwrite(q, 1, q1 - q, stdout); }
	};
	C_IOBUF<1 << 20>BUF;
	class C_IStream
	{
	private:
		bool IsChar(const char& c)
		{
			return c != ' ' && c != '\n';
		}
		bool IsDigit(const char& c)
		{
			return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
		}
	public:
		C_IStream& operator >>(int& temp)
		{
			temp = 0; char c = BUF.GetChar(); bool flag = false;
			while (IsDigit(c) != true) { if (c == '-')flag = true; c = BUF.GetChar(); }
			while (IsDigit(c) == true) { temp = temp * 10 + c - '0', c = BUF.GetChar(); }
			temp = flag ? -temp : temp; return *this;
		}
		C_IStream& operator >>(lnt& temp)
		{
			temp = 0; char c = BUF.GetChar(); bool flag = false;
			while (IsDigit(c) != true) { if (c == '-')flag = true; c = BUF.GetChar(); }
			while (IsDigit(c) == true) { temp = temp * 10 + c - '0', c = BUF.GetChar(); }
			temp = flag ? -temp : temp; return *this;
		}
		C_IStream& operator >>(char& temp)
		{
			temp = ' '; char c = BUF.GetChar();
			while (IsChar(c) != true)c = BUF.GetChar();
			temp = c; return *this;
		}
		C_IStream& operator >>(string& temp)
		{
			temp.clear(); char c = BUF.GetChar();
			while (IsChar(c) != true)c = BUF.GetChar();
			while (IsChar(c) == true)temp += c, c = BUF.GetChar();
			return *this;
		}
	}cin;
	class C_OStream
	{
	public:
		C_OStream& operator <<(int temp)
		{
			int Top = 0; static int Stack[64];
			if (temp < 0) { BUF.PutChar('-'); temp = -temp; }
			do { Stack[Top++] = temp % 10; temp /= 10; } while (temp);
			while (Top) { BUF.PutChar(Stack[--Top] + '0'); } return *this;
		}
		C_OStream& operator <<(lnt temp)
		{
			int Top = 0; static int Stack[64];
			if (temp < 0) { BUF.PutChar('-'); temp = -temp; }
			do { Stack[Top++] = temp % 10; temp /= 10; } while (temp);
			while (Top) { BUF.PutChar(Stack[--Top] + '0'); } return *this;
		}
		C_OStream& operator <<(char temp)
		{
			BUF.PutChar(temp); return *this;
		}
		C_OStream& operator <<(string temp)
		{
			for (auto c : temp)BUF.PutChar(c); return *this;
		}
		C_OStream& operator <<(const char temp[])
		{
			int p = 0; while (temp[p] != '\0')BUF.PutChar(temp[p++]); return *this;
		}
	}cout;
}