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Kubernetes-二进制高可用部署v1.23.x

时间：2024-08-12 12:49:57浏览次数：6  
标签：Kubernetes kubernetes 二进制 kubeconfig etc v1.23 -- kube 节点

目录

高可用架构

image.png

k8s集群组件

Kubernetes是属于主从设备模型（Master-Slave架构），即有Master节点负责核心的调度、管理和运维，Slave节点则执行用户的程序。在Kubernetes中，主节点一般被称为Master Node 或者 Head Node，而从节点则被称为Worker Node 或者 Node。
Tips：Master节点通常包括API Server、Scheduler、Controller Manager等组件，Node节点通常包括Kubelet、Kube-Proxy等组件！

看到蓝色框内的Control Plane，这个是整个集群的控制平面，相当于是master进程的加强版。k8s中的Control Plane一般都会运行在Master节点上面。在默认情况下，Master节点并不会运行应用工作负载，所有的应用工作负载都交由Node节点负责。

控制平面中的Master节点主要运行控制平面的各种组件，它们主要的作用就是维持整个k8s集群的正常工作、存储集群的相关信息，同时为集群提供故障转移、负载均衡、任务调度和高可用等功能。对于Master节点一般有多个用于保证高可用，而控制平面中的各个组件均以容器的Pod形式运行在Master节点中，大部分的组件需要在每个Master节点上都运行，少数如DNS服务等组件则只需要保证足够数量的高可用即可。

ectd

ETCD：集群的主数据库，保存了整个集群的状态; etcd负责节点间的服务发现和配置共享。etcd分布式键值存储系统, 用于保持集群状态，比如Pod、Service等对象信息
Kubernetes 集群的 etcd 数据库通常需要有个备份计划。此外还有一种k8s集群部署的高可用方案是将etcd数据库从容器中抽离出来，单独作为一个高可用数据库部署，从而为k8s提供稳定可靠的高可用数据库存储。

kube-apiserver

提供了资源操作的唯一入口，并提供认证、授权、访问控制、API注册和发现等机制；这是kubernetes API，作为集群的统一入口，各组件协调者，以HTTPAPI提供接口服务，所有对象资源的增删改查和监听操作都交给APIServer处理后再提交给Etcd存储

kube-scheduler

资源调度，按照预定的调度策略将Pod调度到相应的机器上；它负责节点资源管理，接受来自kube-apiserver创建Pods任务，并分配到某个节点。它会根据调度算法为新创建的Pod选择一个Node节点

kube-controller-manager

负责维护集群的状态，比如故障检测、自动扩展、滚动更新等；它用来执行整个系统中的后台任务，包括节点状态状况、Pod个数、Pods和Service的关联等, 一个资源对应一个控制器，而ControllerManager就是负责管理这些控制器的。
其中控制器包括:

  • 节点控制器（Node Controller）: 负责在节点出现故障时进行通知和响应。
  • 副本控制器（Replication Controller）: 负责为系统中的每个副本控制器对象维护正确数量的 Pod。
  • 端点控制器（Endpoints Controller）: 填充端点(Endpoints)对象(即加入 Service 与 Pod)。
  • 服务帐户和令牌控制器（Service Account & Token Controllers）: 为新的命名空间创建默认帐户和 API 访问令牌。

kubelet

负责维护容器的生命周期，负责管理pods和它们上面的容器，images镜像、volumes、etc。同时也负责Volume（CVI）和网络（CNI）的管理；kubelet运行在每个计算节点上，作为agent，接受分配该节点的Pods任务及管理容器，周期性获取容器状态，反馈给kube-apiserver; kubelet是Master在Node节点上的Agent，管理本机运行容器的生命周期，比如创建容器、Pod挂载数据卷、下载secret、获取容器和节点状态等工作。kubelet将每个Pod转换成一组容器。

kube-proxy

负责为Service提供cluster内部的服务发现和负载均衡；它运行在每个计算节点上，负责Pod网络代理。定时从etcd获取到service信息来做相应的策略。它在Node节点上实现Pod网络代理，维护网络规则和四层负载均衡工作。
由于性能问题，目前大部分企业用K8S进行实际生产时，都不会直接使用Kube-proxy作为服务代理，而是通过Ingress Controller来集成HAProxy, Nginx来代替Kube-proxy。

kubectl

客户端命令行工具，将接受的命令格式化后发送给kube-apiserver，作为整个系统的操作入口。

高可用分析

所有从集群（或所运行的 Pods）发出的 API 调用都终止于 API server，而API Server直接与ETCD数据库通讯。若仅部署单一的API server ，当API server所在的 VM 关机或者 API 服务器崩溃将导致不能停止、更新或者启动新的 Pod、服务或副本控制器；而ETCD存储若发生丢失，API 服务器将不能启动。
所以如下几个方面需要做到：

  1. 集群状态维持：K8S集群状态信息存储在ETCD集群中，该集群非常可靠，且可以分布在多个节点上。需要注意的是，在ETCD群集中至少应该有3个节点，且为了防止2网络分裂，节点的数量必须为奇数。
  2. API服务器冗余灾备：K8S的API server服务器是无状态的，从ETCD集群中能获取所有必要的数据。这意味着K8S集群中可以轻松地运行多个API服务器，而无需要进行协调，因此我们可以把负载均衡器（LB）放在这些服务器之前，使其对用户、Worker Node均透明。
  3. Master选举：一些主组件（Scheduler和Controller Manager）不能同时具有多个实例，可以想象多个Scheduler同时进行节点调度会导致多大的混乱。由于Controller Manager等组件通常扮演着一个守护进程的角色，当它自己失败时，K8S将没有更多的手段重新启动它自己，因此必须准备已经启动的组件随时准备取代它。高度可扩展的Kubernetes集群可以让这些组件在领导者选举模式下运行。这意味着虽然多个实例在运行，但是每次只有一个实例是活动的，如果它失败，则另一个实例被选为领导者并代替它。
  4. K8S高可用：只要K8S集群关键结点均高可用，则部署在K8S集群中的Pod、Service的高可用性就可以由K8S自行保证。

负载均衡节点设计

负载均衡节点承担着Worker Node集群和Master集群通讯的职责，同时Load Balance没有部署在K8S集群中，不受Controller Manager的监控，倘若Load Balance发生故障，将导致Node与Master的通讯全部中断，因此需要对负载均衡做高可用配置。Load Balance同样不能同时有多个实例在服务，因此使用Keepalived对部署了Load Balance的服务器进行监控，当发生失败时将虚拟IP（VIP）飘移至备份节点，确保集群继续可用。

1.环境准备

1.1 环境规划

主机规划

主机名 ip地址 备注
master01 10.0.0.171 master节点
master02 10.0.0.172 master节点
master03 10.0.0.173 master节点
node01 10.0.0.174 worker节点
VIP 10.0.0.200 keepalived虚拟IP

集群网络规划及版本说明**

配置信息 备注
系统版本 CentOS 7.9
docker版本 docker-ce-20.10.x
POD网段 172.16.0.0/16
Service网段 10.96.0.0

1.2 所有节点配置host解析

cat >> /etc/hosts <<'EOF'
10.0.0.171 master01
10.0.0.172 master02
10.0.0.173 master03
10.0.0.174 node01
EOF

1.3 安装必备工具

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y

1.4 所有节点关闭防火墙、selinux、dnsmasq、swap

1.#闭防火墙、selinux、dnsmasq/NetworkManager
systemctl disable --now firewalld
systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager

setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
#检查
grep ^SELINUX= /etc/selinux/config

2.#关闭swap分区
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab


3.#安装工ntpdate时间同步服务
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
yum install ntpdate -y


4.#所有节点同步时间
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
# 加入到crontab
crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

5.#所有节点配置limit
ulimit -SHn 65535
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

1.5 Master01节点免密钥登录其他节点，安装过程中生成配置文件和证书均在Master01上操作

1.#生成密钥并发送到各个节点
ssh-keygen
for i in master02 master03 node01;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

2.#下载安装源码文件，提前在外网主机下载和推送到内网即可。
cd /root/ ; git clone https://github.com/dotbalo/k8s-ha-install.git
#如果无法下载就下载：https://gitee.com/dukuan/k8s-ha-install.git
scp -r  k8s-ha-install/ 10.0.0.161:~
检查
[root@master01 ~]# ls -l k8s-ha-install/
总用量 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18092 3月  20 09:39 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    29 3月  20 09:39 metrics-server-0.3.7
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   227 3月  20 09:39 metrics-server-3.6.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   379 3月  20 09:39 README.md


3.#所有节点升级系统并重启，此处升级没有升级内核，下节会单独升级内核
yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot


4.#CentOS 7升级所有机器内核至4.19
#提前在外网主机下载和推送到内网即可
cd /root
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
#从master01节点传到其他节点：
for i in master02 master03;do scp kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm $i:/root/ ; done

5.#所有节点安装内核升级包
cd /root
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*


6.#修改内核启动顺序
grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby-default-kernel)"

7.#检查默认内核是不是4.19
grubby --default-kernel

8.#所有节点重启然后再查看内核版本
reboot
uname -a

9.#所有节点安装ipvsadm
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat  libnetfilter_conntrack-devel -y
    
10.#所有节点配置ipvs模块   内核4.19+版本 nf_conntrack_ipv4 改为 nf_conntrack   4.18以下使用 nf_conntrack_ipv4
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

 内核4.19+版本
# 加入以下内容
cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

#开启一些k8s集群中必须的内核参数，所有节点配置k8s内核：
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

sysctl --system

#所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

2.基本组件安装

2.1 Containerd作为Runtime(二选一)

#1.配置docker源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

#2.所有节点安装docker-ce-20.10
yum install docker-ce-20.10.* docker-ce-cli-20.10.* containerd -y

#3.首先配置Containerd所需的模块（所有节点）
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

#4.所有节点加载模块
modprobe -- overlay
modprobe -- br_netfilter

#5.所有节点，配置Containerd所需的内核：
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

#6.所有节点加载内核
sysctl --system

#7.所有节点配置Containerd的配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

#8.所有节点将Containerd的Cgroup改为Systemd：
vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
找到containerd.runtimes.runc.options，添加SystemdCgroup = true（如果已存在直接修改，否则会报错），如下图所示

#9.所有节点将sandbox_image的Pause镜像改成符合自己版本的地址:
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6

#10.所有节点启动Containerd，并配置开机自启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd

#11.所有节点配置crictl客户端连接的运行时位置
cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF

image.png
image.png

2.2 Docker作为Runtime(二选一)

yum install docker-ce-20.10.* docker-ce-cli-20.10.* -y


2.由于新版Kubelet建议使用systemd，所以把Docker的CgroupDriver也改成systemd：
mkdir -pv /etc/docker && cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "insecure-registries": ["k8s161.registry.com:5000"],
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://tuv7rqqq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

3.所有节点设置开机自启动Docker：
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker 
systemctl status docker

2.3 K8s及etcd安装

2.3.1 Master01下载kubernetes安装包
（1.23.0需要更改为你看到的最新版本）
[t@master01 ~]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.23.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
2.3.2 以下操作都在master01执行
#1.下载etcd安装包
[root@master01 ~]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz

#2.解压kubernetes安装文件
[root@master01 ~]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}
#检查
[root@master01 ~]#ll /usr/local/bin/

#3.解压etcd安装文件
[root@master01 ~]#  tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64/etcd{,ctl}

#4.版本查看
[root@master01 ~]# z
Kubernetes v1.23.0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.5.1
API version: 3.5

#5.将组件发送到其他节点
MasterNodes='master02 master03'
WorkNodes='node01'

#发送到master节点
for NODE in $MasterNodes; do echo $NODE; scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; done

#发送到node节点
for NODE in $WorkNodes; do     scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/ ; done


#6.所有节点创建/opt/cni/bin目录
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin

#7.切换分支
Master01节点切换到1.23.x分支（其他版本可以切换到其他分支，.x即可，不需要更改为具体的小版本）
cd /root/k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.23.x

3.生成证书

二进制安装最关键步骤，一步错误全盘皆输，一定要注意每个步骤都要是正确的

3.1 Master01下载生成证书工具

wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl --no-check-certificate


wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson  --no-check-certificate


chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

3.2 etcd证书

3.2.1 所有Master节点创建etcd证书目录（只有master节点）
#1.所有Master节点创建etcd证书目录（只有master节点）
mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p
3.2.2 所有节点创建kubernetes相关目录（包含node节点）
#2.所有节点创建kubernetes相关目录（包含node节点）
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
3.2.3 Master01节点生成etcd证书
#3.Master01节点生成etcd证书
生成证书的CSR文件：证书签名请求文件，配置了一些域名、公司、单位
[root@master01 pki]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki
# 生成etcd CA证书和CA证书的key
[root@master01 pki]# cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca
#执行结果
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] generate received request
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] received CSR
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] encoded CSR
2024/02/07 21:40:35 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 15435287298841637632737384505024999389891829919


[root@master01 pki]# cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,master01,master02,master03,10.0.0.171,10.0.0.172,10.0.0.173 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd
   
#执行结果
2023/05/20 20:06:11 [INFO] generate received request
2023/05/20 20:06:11 [INFO] received CSR
2023/05/20 20:06:11 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2023/05/20 20:06:11 [INFO] encoded CSR
2023/05/20 20:06:11 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 293681993470974662958952098256195962671277009891
3.2.4 将证书复制到其他master节点
#4.将证书复制到其他master节点
MasterNodes='master02 master03'

for NODE in $MasterNodes; do
     ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
     for FILE in etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
     done
 done

3.3 k8s组件证书

3.3.1 Master01生成kubernetes证书
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca
3.3.2 Master01生成apiserver证书
#注释
# 10.96.0.1是k8s service的网段，如果说需要更改k8s service网段，那就需要更改10.96.0.1，
# 如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200为Master01的IP，这里的10.0.0.200是vip

cfssl gencert  -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -hostname=10.96.0.1,10.0.0.200,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,10.0.0.171,10.0.0.172,10.0.0.173   -profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver

#生成apiserver的聚合证书。Requestheader-client-xxx  requestheader-allowwd-xxx:aggerator
cfssl gencert   -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca 

cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client

#返回结果（忽略警告）
2023/05/20 20:23:00 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

image.png

3.3.3 Master01生成controller-manage的证书
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager
#返回结果（忽略警告）

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200:16443改为master01的地址，16443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
# set-cluster：设置一个集群项
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://10.0.0.200:16443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig
     
# 设置一个环境项，一个上下文
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
# set-credentials 设置一个用户项
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig
     
#用某个环境当做默认环境
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler
   
   
 # 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200:16443改为master01的地址，16443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
 kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://10.0.0.200:16443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig
     
 kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig
 
 kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig
     
 kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig
     
     
 cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin
   
   
 # 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200:16443改为master01的地址，16443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://10.0.0.200:16443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem     --embed-certs=true     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes-admin     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig
3.3.4 Master01创建ServiceAccount Key à secret
openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048

返回结果
image.png

3.3.5 生成公钥
 openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
3.3.6 发送证书至其他节点
for NODE in master02 master03; do
    for FILE in $(ls /etc/kubernetes/pki | grep -v etcd); do
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE};
    done;
    for FILE in admin.kubeconfig controller-manager.kubeconfig scheduler.kubeconfig; do
        scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE};
    done;
done

3.3.7 所有master节点查看证书

[root@master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ |wc -l

4.高可用配置

4.1 所有master节点安装ha和keepalived

yum install keepalived haproxy -y

4.2 ha配置(三台master节点ha配置都一样)

mkdir /etc/haproxy/
cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg <<EOF

global
  maxconn  2000
  ulimit-n  16384
  log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
  stats timeout 30s

defaults
  log global
  mode  http
  option  httplog
  timeout connect 5000
  timeout client  50000
  timeout server  50000
  timeout http-request 15s
  timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
  bind *:33305
  mode http
  option httplog
  monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
  bind 0.0.0.0:16443
  bind 127.0.0.1:16443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
  default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  option tcp-check
  balance roundrobin
  default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
  server master01 10.0.0.171:6443  check
  server master02 10.0.0.172:6443  check
  server master03 10.0.0.173:6443  check
EOF

4.3 keepalive配置

4.3.1 master01
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
} 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {        #实例名字为VI_1，相同实例的备节点名字要和这个相同
    state MASTER            #状态为MASTER，备节点状态需要为BACKUP
    interface eth0          #通信接口为eth0，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
    mcast_src_ip 10.0.0.171
    virtual_router_id 51    #实例ID为55，keepalived.conf里唯一
    priority 100            #优先级为150，备节点的优先级必须比此数字低
    advert_int 1            #通信检查间隔时间1秒
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS      #PASS认证类型，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH      #密码是1111，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同。
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.200 dev eth0 label eth0:3 #虚拟IP
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver    #模块
    }
}
EOF
4.3.2 master02
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
} 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {        #实例名字为VI_1，相同实例的备节点名字要和这个相同
    state BACKUP            #状态为MASTER，备节点状态需要为BACKUP
    interface eth0          #通信接口为eth0，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
    mcast_src_ip 10.0.0.172
    virtual_router_id 51    #实例ID为55，keepalived.conf里唯一
    priority 50            #优先级为150，备节点的优先级必须比此数字低
    advert_int 1            #通信检查间隔时间1秒
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS      #PASS认证类型，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
        auth_pass 1111      #密码是1111，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同。
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.200 dev eth0 label eth0:3 #虚拟IP
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver    #模块
    }
}
EOF
4.3.3 master03
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
} 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {        #实例名字为VI_1，相同实例的备节点名字要和这个相同
    state BACKUP            #状态为MASTER，备节点状态需要为BACKUP
    interface eth0          #通信接口为eth0，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
    mcast_src_ip 10.0.0.173
    virtual_router_id 51    #实例ID为55，keepalived.conf里唯一
    priority 50            #优先级为150，备节点的优先级必须比此数字低
    advert_int 1            #通信检查间隔时间1秒
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS      #PASS认证类型，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同
        auth_pass 1111      #密码是1111，此参数备节点设置和主节点相同。
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.200 dev eth0 label eth0:3 #虚拟IP
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver    #模块
    }
}
EOF

4.4 启动 keepalived 和 haproxy 服务并加入开机启动

systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl start keepalived && systemctl status keepalived
systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy

4.5 编写健康检查脚本

[root@master01 ~]#  vim /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi

5.Kubernetes组件配置

5.1 etcd配置

5.1.1 master01
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml  <<EOF
name: 'master01'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.171:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.171:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.171:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.171:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'master01=https://10.0.0.171:2380,master02=https://10.0.0.172:2380,master03=https://10.0.0.173:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF
5.1.2 master02
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml  <<EOF
name: 'master02'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.172:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.172:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.172:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.172:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'master01=https://10.0.0.171:2380,master02=https://10.0.0.172:2380,master03=https://10.0.0.173:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF
5.1.3 master03
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml  <<EOF
name: 'master03'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.173:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.173:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.0.0.173:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.0.0.173:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'master01=https://10.0.0.171:2380,master02=https://10.0.0.172:2380,master03=https://10.0.0.173:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF
5.1.4 配置systemd
#1.所有Master节点创建etcd service并启动
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service
EOF


#2.所有Master节点创建etcd的证书目录
mkdir /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd
systemctl status etcd

#3.查看etcd状态
export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --endpoints="10.0.0.171:2379,10.0.0.172:2379,10.0.0.173:2379" --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

5.2 apiserver

所有Master节点创建kube-apiserver service，# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200改为master01的地址

5.2.1 maser01配置
注意本文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service  <<EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --advertise-address=10.0.0.171 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.171:2379,https://10.0.0.172:2379,https://10.0.0.173:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
       --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.2.2 master02配置
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service  <<EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --advertise-address=10.0.0.172 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.171:2379,https://10.0.0.172:2379,https://10.0.0.173:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
        --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.2.3 master03配置
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service  <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --advertise-address=10.0.0.173 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.171:2379,https://10.0.0.172:2379,https://10.0.0.173:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
        --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.2.4 启动apiserver
#所有Master节点开启kube-apiserver
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver

#检测kube-server状态
 systemctl status kube-apiserver

5.3 Controller Manager

5.3.1 所有master节点配置一样
#所有Master节点配置kube-controller-manager service（所有master节点配置一样）
#注意本文档使用的k8s Pod网段为172.16.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、k8s Service网段的重复，请按需修改
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --v=2 \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
      --node-monitor-period=5s \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/16 \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24
      
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.3.2 启动kube-controller-manager
#所有Master节点启动kube-controller-manager

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl  status kube-controller-manager

5.4 scheduler

5.4.1 所有Master节点配置kube-scheduler service（所有master节点配置一样）
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service  <<EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --v=2 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig \
      --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.4.2 启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

6.TLS Bootstrapping配置

只需要在Master01创建bootstrap

6.1 Master01创建bootstrap

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:16443改为master01的地址，16443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/bootstrap

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://10.0.0.200:16443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user     --token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig


#注意：如果要修改bootstrap.secret.yaml的token-id和token-secret，需要保证下图红圈内的字符串一致的，并且位数是一样的。还要保证上个命令的黄色字体：c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e与你修改的字符串要一致

image.png

6.2 拷贝管理集群文件

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config

#可以正常查询集群状态，才可以继续往下，否则不行，需要排查k8s组件是否有故障
kubectl get cs

image.png

6.3 创建bootstrap

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml 
secret/bootstrap-token-c8ad9c created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created

7.node节点配置

7.1 复制证书

master01进行

cd /etc/kubernetes/

for NODE in master02 master03 node01; do
     ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
     for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
     done
done

7.2 kubelet配置

所有节点创建相关目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/

所有节点配置kubelet service

cat  > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service <<EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet

Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件
如果Runtime为Containerd，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：

# Runtime为Containerd
# vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件
如果Runtime为Docker，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：

# Runtime为Docker
vi  /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.5"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

所有节点创建kubelet的配置文件
注意：如果更改了k8s的service网段，需要更改kubelet-conf.yml 的clusterDNS:配置，改成k8s Service网段的第十个地址，比如10.96.0.10

# vi /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s

所有节点启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

7.3 查看集群状态

kubectl get no
查看集群状态（此时Ready或NotReady都正常，还没安装Calico）

7.4 kube-proxy配置

以下操作只在Master01执行
# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.0.0.200:16443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://10.0.0.200:16443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-proxy \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将kubeconfig发送至其他节点

for NODE in master02 master03; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig  $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 done

for NODE in node01; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 done

所有节点添加kube-proxy的配置和service文件

# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --v=2

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

如果更改了集群Pod的网段，需要更改kube-proxy.yaml的clusterCIDR为自己的Pod网段

# vi /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
  acceptContentTypes: ""
  burst: 10
  contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
  qps: 5
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/16 
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:
  max: null
  maxPerCore: 32768
  min: 131072
  tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
  tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: false
  masqueradeBit: 14
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  syncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:
  masqueradeAll: true
  minSyncPeriod: 5s
  scheduler: "rr"
  syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250ms

所有节点启动kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

8. 安装Calico网络插件

8.1 更换POD的网段

以下步骤只在Master01执行，注意更改Pod网段

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/calico/

sed "s#POD_CIDR#172.16.0.0/16#g" calico.yaml  | grep  172
 
确认更改
sed -i  "s#POD_CIDR#172.16.0.0/16#g" calico.yaml

image.png

8.2 安装calico

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

8.3 查看容器状态

kubectl get po -n kube-system

image.png
如果容器状态异常可以使用kubectl describe 或者kubectl logs查看容器的日志

9.安装CoreDNS

以下步骤只在Master01执行

9.1 配置service网段
cd /root/k8s-ha-install/

#如果更改了k8s service的网段需要将coredns的serviceIP改成k8s service网段的第十个IP
COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
echo $COREDNS_SERVICE_IP

#检查
[root@master01 k8s-ha-install]# sed   "s#KUBEDNS_SERVICE_IP#${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP}#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml | grep 10.96
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.10 

#确认更换
sed -i "s#KUBEDNS_SERVICE_IP#${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP}#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml

9.2 安装CoreDNS

kubectl  create -f CoreDNS/coredns.yaml

9.3 检查状态

kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dns

9.4 安装最新版coredns

COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
cd deployment/kubernetes
# ./deploy.sh -s -i ${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP} | kubectl apply -f -
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
查看状态
 # kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-85b4878f78-h29kh   1/1     Running   0          8h

10. 安装Metrics Server

以下步骤只在Master01执行

10.1 创建metrics

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server

[root@master01 metrics-server]# kubectl  create -f .
serviceaccount/metrics-server created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
service/metrics-server created
deployment.apps/metrics-server created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created

10.2 检查状态

[root@master01 metrics-server]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep metrics
metrics-server-6bf7dcd649-r48gr            1/1     Running   0          2m5s


image.png

11.安装Dashboard

在Master01下执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/
kubectl  create -f .

12.集群可用性验证

12.1 节点需均正常

kubectl get node

12.2 Pod均需正常

kubectl get pod -A

12.3 检查集群网段无任何冲突

kubectl get svc
kubectl get pod -A -owide

12.4 能够正常创建资源

kubectl create deploy cluster-test --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/debug-tools -- sleep 3600

12.5 Pod 必须能够解析 Service（同 namespace 和跨 namespace）

#取上面的NAME进入pod
kubectl exec -it cluster-test-84dfc9c68b-lbkhd -- bash

#解析两个域名，能够对应到.1和.10即可
nslookup kubernetes
nslookup kube-dns.kube-system

image.png

12.6 每个节点都必须要能访问 Kubernetes 的 kubernetes svc 443 和 kube-dns 的

service 53

curl https://10.96.0.1:443
curl 10.96.0.10:53

每个节点均需出现以下返回信息说明已通

image.png

12.7 Pod 和 Pod 之间要能够正常通讯（同 namespace 和跨 namespace）

[root@master01 metrics-server]# kubectl get pod -owide
NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP               NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
cluster-test-8b47d69f5-rgllt   1/1     Running   0          4m31s   172.16.196.129   node01   <none>           <none>
[root@master01 metrics-server]# kubectl -n kube-system  get pod -owide

image.png
image.png

12.8 Pod 和 Pod 之间要能够正常通讯（同机器和跨机器）

for node in master02 master03 node01;  do  ssh $node ping  -c 2 172.16.241.65 && echo 主机名称:$node; done

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本文章内容参考杜宽的《云原生Kubernetes全栈架构师》，视频、资料文档等，感谢提供优质知识内容！

标签：Kubernetes,kubernetes,二进制,kubeconfig,etc,v1.23,--,kube,节点
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/Unstoppable9527/p/18354734

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