django rest framework快速使用

一、安装相关的依赖

$ pip install djangorestframework
$ pip install markdown       # Markdown support for the browsable API.
$ pip install django-filter  # Filtering support

二、将rest_framework添加到INSTALLED_APPS中

setting.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
]

三、基础例子

1. 创建一个django项目并创建book app

   $ python djang-admin createproject myapp
   $ python manage.py startapp book
   

2. 新建model

   book/models.py

   from django.db import models
   class Book(models.Model):
       title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='书籍名称')
       price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格")
       pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期")
   

3. 创建Book序列化器和Book view

   book/views.py

   # 序列化器
   class BookViewSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
       title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
       price = serializers.IntegerField()
        # 自定义映射参数中的字段和model字段
       date = serializers.DateField(source='pub_date')
   
       def create(self, validated_data):
           saved_book = Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
           return saved_book
   
       def update(self, instance, validated_data):
           Book.objects.filter(pk=instance.pk).update(**validated_data)
           return Book.objects.get(pk=instance.pk)
   
   # 视图
   class BookView(APIView):
   
       def get(self, request):
           book_list = Book.objects.all()
           b = BookViewSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
           return Response(b.data)
   
       def post(self, request):
           data = request.data
           # 反序列化
           sers = BookViewSerializer(data=data)
           # 校验字段
           if sers.is_valid():
               valid_data = sers.validated_data
               sers.save()
               # print(saved_book)
               return Response(sers.data)
           else:
               return Response(sers.errors)
   
   # 视图
   class BookDetailView(APIView):
       def get(self, request, id):
           book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)
           res = BookViewSerializer(instance=book)
           return Response(res.data)
   
       def put(self, request, id):
           data = request.data
           query_data = Book.objects.get(pk=id)
           sers = BookViewSerializer(instance=query_data, data=data)
           if sers.is_valid():
               print(sers.validated_data)
               sers.save()
               return Response()
           else:
               return Response(sers.errors)
   
       def delete(self, request, id):
           Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
           return Response()
   
   

4. 配置路由

   book/urls.py

   from django.urls import path, re_path
   
   from . import views
   urlpatterns = [
       path('book/', views.BookView.as_view()),
       re_path('book/(\d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
   ]
   

5. 将应用路由添加到项目路由中

   myapp/urls.py

   urlpatterns = [
       ...
       path('book/', include('book.urls'))
   ]
   

6. 安装app

   myapp/settings.py

   INSTALLED_APPS = [
       ...
       'rest_framework',
     	'book',
   ]
   

7. 访问路由

   列表：curl http://server/book/book/ get
   详情：curl http://server/book/book/1 get
   添加：curl http://server/book/book/ post
   更新：curl http://server/book/book/1 put
   删除：curl http://server/book/book/1 delete
   

四、Django rest framework高度封装例子

在步骤三中的项目为基础，model无变化

1. Views.py修改

   book/views.py

   from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
   from rest_framework import serializers
   # 序列化器
   class BookViewSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       date = serializers.CharField(source='pub_date') # 自定义映射参数中的字段和model字段
       class Meta:
           model = Book
           exclude = ['pub_date']
   # 视图        
   class BookView(ModelViewSet):
       queryset = Author.objects.all()
       serializer_class = AuthorSerializer
   

2. urls.py修改

   from rest_framework import routers
   router = routers.DefaultRouter()
   
   router.register('book', views.BookView)
   
   urlpatterns = [
       ...
   ]
   urlpatterns += router.urls
   

   router.register('book', views.BookView)将会生成和步骤三.4一样的路由

   path('book/', views.BookView.as_view()),
   re_path('book/(\d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
   

   后面的访问和步骤三一致。