自动构建文件系统和内核的工具但是编译速度感人可能要两个小时以上，中途尽量不要断网，
断网会爆很多奇怪的问题。

下载

   wget http://buildroot.uclibc.org/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2
   tar -jxvf buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2
   cd buildroot

配置

sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev patch

make clean
make list-defconfigs #挑选自己需要的架构
make qemu_mips32r2el_malta_defconfig #我需要编译mipsel的
make menuconfig#这里需要配置一下，需要下载两个工具，
#Target packages  ---> Networking applications  --->bridge-utils，openssh
make

启动

buildroot给的sh启动文件没有tap服务需要自己改一下

#!/bin/sh

BINARIES_DIR="${0%/*}/"
# shellcheck disable=SC2164
cd "${BINARIES_DIR}"

mode_serial=false
mode_sys_qemu=false
while [ "$1" ]; do
    case "$1" in
    --serial-only|serial-only) mode_serial=true; shift;;
    --use-system-qemu) mode_sys_qemu=true; shift;;
    --) shift; break;;
    *) echo "unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 1;;
    esac
done

if ${mode_serial}; then
    EXTRA_ARGS='-nographic'
else
    EXTRA_ARGS='-serial stdio'
fi

if ! ${mode_sys_qemu}; then
    export PATH="/home/iot/Desktop/buboxy/buildroot/output/host/bin:${PATH}"
fi

exec sudo qemu-system-mipsel -M malta -kernel vmlinux -drive file=rootfs.ext2,format=raw -append "rootwait root=/dev/sda" -net nic,model=pcnet -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no ${EXTRA_ARGS} "$@"

宿主机

sudo ip link add br0 type bridge
sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev br0
sudo ip link set br0 up
sudo ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap
sudo ip link set tap0 master br0
sudo ip link set tap0 up

qemu虚拟机

ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
route add default gw 192.168.1.1

记得要修改qemu的root密码，如果scp传输不了，就重启一下qemu。

坑

如果qemu内存太小就

Filesystem images  --->
] ext2/3/4 root filesystem                                                                                                                              │ │  
  │ │ ext2/3/4 variant (ext2 (rev1))  --->                                                                                                                │ │  
  │ │(rootfs) filesystem label                                                                                                                                 │ │  
  │ │(60M) exact size                                                                                                                                          │ │  
  │ │(0)   exact number of inodes (leave at 0 for auto calculation)                                                                                            │ │  
  │ │(256) inode size                                                                                                                                          │ │  
  │ │(5)   reserved blocks percentage                                                                                                                          │ │  
  │ │(-O ^64bit) additional mke2fs options                                                                                                                     │ │  
  │ │Compression method (no compression)  --->                                                                                                           │ │  
  │ │[ ] f2fs root filesystem
  

修改exact size 的大小就行

scp无法传输

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 PermitRootLogin yes
 PasswordAuthentication yes
sshd

#!/bin/sh

cleanup() {
    # 清理 TAP 接口
    sudo ip link set tap0 down
    sudo ip tuntap del dev tap0 mode tap
}
trap cleanup EXIT

BINARIES_DIR="${0%/*}/"
cd "${BINARIES_DIR}"

mode_serial=false
mode_sys_qemu=false
while [ "$1" ]; do
    case "$1" in
    --serial-only|serial-only) mode_serial=true; shift;;
    --use-system-qemu) mode_sys_qemu=true; shift;;
    --) shift; break;;
    *) echo "unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 1;;
    esac
done

if ${mode_serial}; then
    EXTRA_ARGS='-nographic'
else
    EXTRA_ARGS='-serial stdio'
fi

if ! ${mode_sys_qemu}; then
    export PATH="/home/giant/Desktop/IOT/buildroot-2024.02/output/host/bin:${PATH}"
fi

# 创建 TAP 接口
sudo ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap user $(whoami)
sudo ip link set tap0 up
sudo ip link set tap0 master br0

# 启动 QEMU
sudo qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel zImage -dtb versatile-pb.dtb -drive file=rootfs.ext2,if=scsi,format=raw -append "rootwait root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200" -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no ${EXTRA_ARGS} "$@"

sudo brctl addbr br0
sudo ifconfig br0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
sudo ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap
sudo ifconfig tap0 up
sudo brctl addif br0 tap0