01 DOM的概念
02 BOM概念
除了DOM对象以外都是BOM,例如上图浏览器上的一些东西
03 DOM的继承关系图
04 节点之间的导航
获取一个节点之后,可以根据这个节点去获取其它节点,称之为节点之间的导航
获取节点
代码示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 这是注释节点 -->
文本类型
<!-- 元素 -->
<div class="box">你好</div>
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>4</li>
</ul>
<script>
var bodyE1 = document.body
// 获取所有子节点
console.log(bodyE1.childNodes)
// 获取第1个子节点
console.log(bodyE1.firstChild)
</script>
</body>
</html>
05 元素之间的导航
5.1 根据body元素去获取子元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">你好</div>
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>4</li>
</ul>
<script>
var bodyE1 = document.body
// 根据body元素去获取子元素
var childElements = bodyE1.children
console.log(childElements)
</script>
</body>
</html>
5.2 获取box元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">你好</div>
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>4</li>
</ul>
<script>
var bodyE1 = document.body
// 第1种方法
var boxE1 = bodyE1.firstElementChild
console.log(boxE1)
// 第2种方法
var boxE2 = bodyE1.children[0]
console.log(boxE2)
</script>
</body>
</html>
06 DOM获取任意元素对象
6.1 案例1: 通过classname获取元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<h2>标题2</h2>
<div class="container">
<p>
你好, <span class="keyword">哈哈</span>世界
</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 先拿到body元素
var bodyEl = document.body
// 2. 拿到box
var boxEl = bodyEl.firstElementChild
// 3. 拿到container
var containerEl = boxEl.children[1]
// 4. 拿到p元素
var pEl = containerEl.children[0]
// 5. 拿到keyword然后修改样式
var spanEl = pEl.children[0]
spanEl.style.color = "red"
</script>
</body>
</html>
可以看到要修改这个字体非常的复杂,因此DOM为我们提供了简单的写法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<h2>标题2</h2>
<div class="container">
<p>
你好, <span class="keyword">哈哈</span>世界
</p>
<p>
你好, <span class="keyword">哈哈</span>世界
</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 直接获取
var keywordEls = document.getElementsByClassName("keyword")
// 修改第1个
// keywordEls[0].style.color = "red"
// 修改所有的keyword
for (var i = 0; i < keywordEls.length; i++){
keywordEls[i].style.color = "red"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
6.2 案例2: 通过id获取
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<h2>标题2</h2>
<div class="container">
<p>
你好, <span id="keyword">哈哈</span>世界
</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
var keywordEl = document.getElementById("keyword")
keywordEl.style.color = "orange"
</script>
</body>
</html>
6.3 其它的相关方法
07 节点node常见的属性
7.1 节点的数值类型
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 注释 -->
文本
<div class="box">div元素</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取3个节点
var bodyChildnodes = document.body.childNodes
var commentNode = bodyChildnodes[1]
var textNode = bodyChildnodes[2]
var divNode = bodyChildnodes[3]
// 2. 节点属性
console.log(commentNode.nodeType, textNode.nodeType, divNode.nodeType)
for (var node of bodyChildnodes){
if (nodeType === 8){
} else if (nodeType === 8) {
} else if (nodeType === 1){
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
7.2 nodename和tagname
nodename针对节点 tagname针对元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 注释 -->
文本
<div class="box">div元素</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取3个节点
var bodyChildnodes = document.body.childNodes
var commentNode = bodyChildnodes[1]
var textNode = bodyChildnodes[2]
var divNode = bodyChildnodes[3]
console.log(commentNode.nodeName, textNode.nodeName, divNode.nodeName)
console.log(divNode.tagName)
</script>
</body>
</html>
7.3 innerHTML+textContent+data
7.3.1 data: 非元素节点获取数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 注释 -->
文本
<div class="box">div元素</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取3个节点
var bodyChildnodes = document.body.childNodes
var commentNode = bodyChildnodes[1]
var textNode = bodyChildnodes[2]
var divNode = bodyChildnodes[3]
console.log(commentNode.data)
console.log(divNode.data)
</script>
</body>
</html>
7.3.2 innerHTML和textContent
innerHTML针对的是元素节点获取数据,textContent针对是元素里面的数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 注释 -->
文本
<div class="box">
<h2>123</h2>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取3个节点
var bodyChildnodes = document.body.childNodes
var commentNode = bodyChildnodes[1]
var textNode = bodyChildnodes[2]
var divNode = bodyChildnodes[3]
// 这个会拿到HTML元素也会拿到数据
console.log(divNode.innerHTML)
// 这个只会拿到元素中的数据
console.log(divNode.textContent)
</script>
</body>
</html>
7.3.3 innerHTML和textContent的区别
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 注释 -->
文本
<div class="box">
<h2>123</h2>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取3个节点
var bodyChildnodes = document.body.childNodes
var commentNode = bodyChildnodes[1]
var textNode = bodyChildnodes[2]
var divNode = bodyChildnodes[3]
// 会把HTML元素解析出来
divNode.innerHTML = "<h2>test</h2>"
</script>
</body>
</html>
08 元素的全局属性hidden
用来隐藏元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button class="btn">切换</button>
<div class="box">test</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取元素
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
var btnEl = document.querySelector(".btn")
// 2. 监听事件
btnEl.onclick = function(){
if (boxEl.hidden === false){
boxEl.hidden = true
} else {
boxEl.hidden = false
}
}
// 3. 更加简洁的写法
btnEl.onclick = function(){
boxEl.hidden = !boxEl.hidden
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
09 attribute
9.1 attribute的分类
9.2 attribute的操作
示例代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="abc" title="box" class="box" age="17" height="1.98">box元素</div>
<script>
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
console.log(boxEl.hasAttribute("age"), boxEl.hasAttribute("name"), boxEl.hasAttribute("id"))
console.log(boxEl.hasAttribute("height"))
</script>
</body>
</html>
因为它的值总是字符串类型,在某些场景下其实也是一个缺陷,例如如下代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="checkbox" checked>
<script>
var inputEl = document.querySelector("input")
console.log(inputEl.getAttribute("checked"))
</script>
</body>
</html>
在这种情况下,我们希望得到的是input这个元素到底有没有被选中应该是布尔值是比较好的,但是上述的代码中得到的结果是一个空字符串
9.3 元素dataset的使用
代码示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box" data-age="18" data-height="1.88"></div>
<script>
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
console.log(boxEl.dataset.age)
console.log(boxEl.dataset.height)
</script>
</body>
</html>
10 元素的属性property
对象中的属性叫做property,元素中的属性叫做attribute
标准的attribute,会有其对应的property属性
11 元素的class和style
11.1 动态添加class
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.active {
color: red;
font-size: 24px;
background-color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">box元素</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取元素
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
// 2. 监听点击
boxEl.onclick = function(){
// 第1种方法: 直接修改style(不推荐使用),这种方法适合用那种精确的修改某些值
// boxEl.style.color = "red"
// boxEl.style.fontSize = "24px"
// boxEl.style.background = "green"
// 第2种方法: 动态添加clss(推荐使用)
boxEl.className = "active"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
11.2 元素的className和classList
className不推荐使用因为会覆盖掉原来元素中class的值,classList则不会覆盖掉原来元素中class的值
11.2.1 classList相关方法
代码示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.active {
background-color: #f80;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button class="btn">切换</button>
<div class="box">box元素</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取元素
var btnEl = document.querySelector(".btn")
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
// 方法1: classname的方式(但是这种方法会把class的value直接替换掉,所以不推荐使用)
// boxEl.className = "abc"
// 方法2: classList
boxEl.classList.add("abc")
boxEl.classList.remove("abc")
btnEl.onclick = function(){
boxEl.classList.toggle("active")
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
11.3 元素的style用法
对于多词使用驼峰式命名
boxEl.style.backgroundColor = "red"
boxEl.style.height = "50px"
如果将值设置为空字符串表示会使用CSS的默认样式
boxEl.style.fontSize = " " 就表示会使用浏览器默认的字体大小16px
11.4 style的读取
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box" style="background-color: #f80;">box元素</div>
<script>
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
// 对于内联样式可以直接读取
console.log(boxEl.style.backgroundColor)
// 对于非内联样式,需要通过全局函数getComputerStyle读取
console.log(getComputedStyle(boxEl).fontSize)
</script>
</bod
12 创建元素和插入元素
12.1 创建元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<script>
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
var h2El = document.createElement("h2")
h2El.classList.add("title")
h2El.textContent = "我是标题"
// 将元素插入boxEl
boxEl.append(h2El)
</script>
</body>
</html>
![](/i/l/?n=24&i=blog/3186791/202407/3186791-20240710220219276-740521087.png)
## 12.2 移除元素
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button class="btn">移除box元素</button>
<div class="box">
<h2>h2标题</h2>
<span>段落</span>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取元素
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
var removeBtn = document.querySelector(".btn")
// 2. 监听btn的点击
removeBtn.onclick = function(){
boxEl.remove()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
12.3 克隆元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<button class="btn">克隆box元素</button>
<div class="box">
<h2>h2标题</h2>
<span>段落</span>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 获取元素
var boxEl = document.querySelector(".box")
var removeBtn = document.querySelector(".btn")
// 2. 监听btn的点击
removeBtn.onclick = function(){
// 如果不加参数true,相当于是浅拷贝即并不会克隆该元素的子节点
var newNode = boxEl.cloneNode(true)
// 插入到DOM对象中
boxEl.append(newNode)
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
标签:Web,bodyChildnodes,06,元素,boxEl,Document,API,var,document
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/yufc/p/18295107