SpringBoot 入门

步骤1：创建 maven 工程

创建一个空 Maven 工程，如下：

步骤2：pom.xml 文件中添加 SpringBoot 依赖

需要添加 SpringBoot 项目父级依赖和 SpringBoot 项目相关依赖，pom.xml 内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.binge</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBootDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <!--Spring Boot 项目的父级依赖-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.15</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- springboot 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 测试依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- web 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- lombok 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.26</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

步骤3：创建 SpringBoot 项目启动类

创建 com.binge.SpringBootDemoApplication.java 启动类，如下：

package com.binge;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootDemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

运行启动类，如下：

2024-07-10 11:10:31.812  INFO 21140 --- [           main] com.binge.SpringBootDemoApplication      : Starting SpringBootDemoApplication using Java 1.8.0_202 on Binge2022 with PID 21140 (C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\worksapce\SpringBootDemo\target\classes started by Binge in C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\worksapce\SpringBootDemo)
2024-07-10 11:10:31.816  INFO 21140 --- [           main] com.binge.SpringBootDemoApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2024-07-10 11:10:32.483  INFO 21140 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2024-07-10 11:10:32.489  INFO 21140 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2024-07-10 11:10:32.490  INFO 21140 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.79]
2024-07-10 11:10:32.584  INFO 21140 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2024-07-10 11:10:32.585  INFO 21140 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 739 ms
2024-07-10 11:10:32.838  INFO 21140 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2024-07-10 11:10:32.845  INFO 21140 --- [           main] com.binge.SpringBootDemoApplication      : Started SpringBootDemoApplication in 1.272 seconds (JVM running for 2.059)

通过以上 SpringBoot 的启动信息可以看到，SpringBoot 内置的 Tomcat 服务器已经启动，默认监听端口为 8080

步骤4：创建 SpringBoot 全局配置文件

在工程 resources 文件下新建 application.properties 全局配置文件，文件内容如下：

#设置服务器监听端口
server.port=8080

步骤5：测试 SpringBoot 处理 Web 请求

1. 创建 User 数据模型

package com.binge.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    private String phone;
}

2. 创建 UserController 页面处理器

package com.binge.controller;

import com.binge.model.User;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
    // 处理用户注册请求
    @PostMapping("/user/register")
    public User register(@RequestBody User user) {
        log.info("获取用户信息：{}", user);
        return user;
    }
}

• @RestController 注解：处理客户端使用 AJAX 方式发送的 Web 请求
• @PostMapping("/user/register") 注解： 将具体处理 Web 请求的方法和客户端发送的 Web 请求的路径之间建议映射关系
• @RequestBody：将 Web 请求携带的 JSON 格式数据转换为 Java 对象
• @Slf4j 注解：支持使用 log4j2 框架打印日志

3. 使用 postman 工具模拟向服务器发送用户注册请求

• 请求路径：localhost:8080/user/register
• 请求方式：POST

测试成功~