命令行帮助信息、手动和交互执行

一、方式一

1、先定义一个命令行解析类

class CommandLineParser:
    def __init__(self):
        self.arguments = {}
        self.valid_options = {
            "help", "mode", "interval", "export", "wave_data_export", "wave_set",
            "ip", "serial_path", "rate", "devid", "url", "topic", "user", "passw",
        }

    def parse(self, args):
        current_name = ""
        values = []
        invalid_options = []

        for arg in args:
            if arg.startswith("--"):
                if current_name != "" and values:
                    self.arguments[current_name] = values
                    values = []
                current_name = arg[2:]
            elif arg.startswith("-"):
                if current_name != "" and values:
                    self.arguments[current_name] = values
                    values = []
                current_name = arg[1:]
            else:
                values.append(arg)

        if current_name != "":
            self.arguments[current_name] = values

        for key in self.arguments.keys():
            if key not in self.valid_options:
                invalid_options.append(key)

        if invalid_options:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid option(s): {' '.join(invalid_options)}")

    def contains(self, name):
        return name in self.arguments

    def get_help_message(self):
        script_name = sys.argv[0]
        return f"""
            Usage: python {script_name} [options]

            Options:
              --help                Show this help message and exit
              --mode                Choose connection mode (1 for MIB RS232, 2 for LAN)
              --interval            Data Transmission interval (1-5)
              --export              Data export option (1-4)
              --wave_set            Waveform data export priority option (0-12)
              --wave_data_export    Choose Waveform data export scale option (1-2)
              --ip                  Target IP address for LAN 
              --serial_path         Target Serial port path for MIB
              --rate                Serial baudrate for MIB
              --devid               Device ID/Name for export
              --url                 Data export URL (JSON or MQTT WebSocket)
              --topic               MQTT Topic
              --user                MQTT Username
              --passw               MQTT Password

            Examples:
            python {script_name} --mode 1 --interval 1 --export 1 --wave_set 0 --wave_data_export 1 --serial_path /dev/ttyS5 --rate 115200
            python {script_name} --mode 2 --interval 1 --export 1 --wave_set 0 --wave_data_export 1 --ip localhost
            """

2、定义一个获取交互的函数，命令参数没有就从交互中取

def get_input(parser, key, options=None, prompt="", default=None):
    if options is None:
        options = []
    if parser.arguments.get(key):
        return parser.arguments[key][0]
    else:
        if default is not None:
            return default
        if options:
            for option in options:
                print(option)
        return input(prompt)

3、使用get_input取值

ip_address_remote = get_input(parser, 'ip', prompt="Enter the target IP address of the monitor assigned by DHCP: ",
                                  default="localhost")　

4、程序入口

def main(args):
    parser = CommandLineParser()
    try:
        parser.parse(args)
        if parser.contains('help'):
            print(parser.get_help_message())
            return
    except ValueError as e:
        print(e)
        print(parser.get_help_message())
        return

    ser_connect_set = get_input(parser, 'mode', ["1. Connect via MIB RS232 port", "2. Connect via LAN port"],
                                "Choose connection mode (1-2): ", default='2')

    if ser_connect_set == "1":
        connect_via_MIB(args)
    elif ser_connect_set == "2":
        connect_via_lan(args)
    else:
        print("Invalid mode selected!")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1:]) 

二、方式二（getopt）

1、定义一个解析函数

def print_help():
    print("python {} ".format(__file__))
    print("python {} --serial-path=/dev/ttyS0 --serial-rate=115200"
          .format(__file__))
    print("python {} --serial-path=COM3 --serial-rate=115200"
          .format(__file__))


def parse_args(argv):
    try:
        options, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "h", ["help", "serial-path=", "serial-rate="])
    except getopt.GetoptError:
        sys.exit()
    serial_path, serial_rate = "/dev/ttyS0", 115200
    for option, value in options:  # [('--serial-path', 'COM5')]
        if option in ("-h", "--help"):
            print_help()
            sys.exit()
        if option in "--serial-path":
            serial_path = value
        if option in "--serial-rate":
            serial_rate = int(value)
    return serial_path, serial_rate

2、程序入库

if __name__ == '__main__':
    serial_path, serial_rate = parse_args(sys.argv[1:])
    if not check_serial_port(serial_path):
        sys.exit(-1)
    simulator = PhilipsMpMPMonitorSimulator(serial_path, serial_rate)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)

三、shell版本的getopt