实验任务一
#include <iostream>
#include <complex>
int main(){
using namespace std;
complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};//支持两个参数//使用时,在语法层面需要通过<>指定具体类型(即特化到特定类型)
const complex<double> c3{c2};//也支持一个参数(默认虚部为0)
cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;//支持使用标准数据流对象cout和插入运算符<<直接输出复数类型
cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << endl;//comple模板类提供有接口,返回复数的实部和虚部
cout << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag() << endl;
cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;//支持算术运算
cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl;//abs()对复数取模
cout << boolalpha;//设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;//支持关系运算
cout << "c3 == c2 : " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
complex<double> c4 = 2;//把一个int类型的常数,转换为复数类型
cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
c4 += c1;//支持复合赋值运算
cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
}
使用类的非成员函数abs()可以对复数进行取模运算。设复数的实部和虚部分别是real和
imag, 取模运算规则:sqrt(real2+imag2)
实验任务二
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// 模板函数
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T,使用范围for输出
template<typename T>
void output1(const T& obj) {
for (auto i : obj)
cout << i << ", ";
cout << "\b\b \n";
}
// 模板函数
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T,使用迭代器输出
template<typename T>
void output2(const T& obj) {
for (auto p = obj.cbegin(); p != obj.cend(); ++p)
cout << *p << ", ";
cout << "\b\b \n";
}
int main() {
array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象,包含5个int类型元素,未初始化
cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
x1.fill(42); // 将x1的所有元素值都赋值为42
x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素修改为999
x1.at(4) = -999; // 把下标为4的元素修改为-999
x1[1] = 777; // 把下标为1的元素修改为777
//xx.at(i) 访问索引为i的元素。相较于xx[i]这种方式,使用xx.at(i)会做越界检查,更安全。
cout << "x1: ";
output1(x1);
cout << "x1: ";
output2(x1);
array<double, 10> x2{ 1.5, 2.2 }; // 创建给array对象,包含10个double类型元素,初始化部分元素
cout << "x2.size() = " << x2.size() << endl;
cout << "x2: ";
output1(x2);
array<int, 5> x3{ x1 };
cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x3) << endl;
x3.fill(22);
cout << "x3: ";
output1(x3);
swap(x1, x3); // 交换x1和x3的数据
cout << "x1: ";
output1(x1);
cout << "x3: ";
output1(x3);
}
说明:
- array 是一个大小固定的容器模板类。使用时,需要将指定容器大小和元素类型。
- xx.size() 返回容器数据项个数。
- xx.fill(value) 将array内所有元素用value填充。
- swap(xx, xx) 交换两个array元素值。
- xx.at(i) 访问索引为i的元素。相较于xx[i]这种方式,使用xx.at(i)会做越界检查,更安全。
- xx.cbegin() , xx.cend() 也是容器类的迭代器,和实验1文档中中的 xx.begin() , x.end() 相比,c表示const,所以,通过这一组迭代器访问时,不能通过迭代器修改容器类元素的值。类似地,还有 xx.crbegin() , xx.crend()
- 相较于C风格的数组,array提供了更安全的访问方式,同时,也扩充了一些操作。
- 相较于vector,array功能不如vector丰富、灵活,但对于大小固定的应用场景,array具备更高效的性能。
- 实际使用时,应基于实际问题场景,综合考虑性能、安全性,选择合适的数据结构。
实验任务三
employee.hpp
#pragma once
// Employee类的定义
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::setfill;
using std::setw;
using std::left;
using std::right;
using std::to_string;
struct Date {
int year;
int month;
int day;
};
// Employee类的声明
class Employee
{
public:
Employee();
Employee(string name0, double salary0, int y, int m, int d = 1);
void set_info(string name0, double salary0, int y, int m, int d = 1); // 设置雇员信息
string get_name() const; // 获取雇员姓名
double get_salary() const; // 获取雇员薪水
void display_info() const; // 显示雇员信息
void update_salary(double s); // 更新雇员薪水
void update_hire_date(int y, int m, int d); // 更新雇佣日期
void raise_salary(double by_percent); // 计算提薪加成
public:
static void display_count(); // 类方法,显示雇员总数
private:
string id; // 雇员工号
string name; // 雇员姓名
double salary; // 雇员薪水
Date hire_date; // 雇员雇佣日期
public:
static const string doc; // 类属性,用于描述类
private:
static int count; // 类属性,用于记录雇员总人数
};
const string Employee::doc {"a simple Employee class"};
int Employee::count = 0;
// 默认构造函数
Employee::Employee(): id{ to_string(count+1) } {
++count;
}
// 带参数的构造函数
Employee::Employee(string name0, double salary0, int y, int m, int d):
id{to_string(count+1)}, name{name0}, salary{salary0}, hire_date{y, m, d} {
++count;
}
// 设置员工信息
void Employee::set_info(string name0, double salary0, int y, int m, int d) {
name = name0;
salary = salary0;
hire_date.year = y;
hire_date.month = m;
hire_date.day = d;
}
// 获取员工姓名
string Employee::get_name() const {
return name;
}
// 获取员工薪水
double Employee::get_salary() const {
return salary;
}
// 显示雇员信息
void Employee::display_info() const {
cout << left << setw(15) << "id: " << id << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "name: " << name << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "salary: " << salary << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "hire_date: " << hire_date.year << "-";
cout << std::right << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hire_date.month << "-" << setw(2) << hire_date.day;
cout << setfill(' '); // 恢复到默认空格填充
}
// 更新薪水
void Employee::update_salary(double s) {
salary = s;
}
// 更新雇佣日期
void Employee::update_hire_date(int y, int m, int d) {
hire_date.year = y;
hire_date.month = m;
hire_date.day = d;
}
// 雇员提薪加成
// by_percent是提升比例
void Employee::raise_salary(double by_percent) {
double raise = salary * by_percent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
// 类方法
// 显示雇员总数
void Employee::display_count() {
cout << "there are " << count << " employees\n";
}
task.cpp
#include "Employee.hpp"
#include <iostream>
void test() {
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << Employee::doc << endl << endl;
Employee employee1;
employee1.set_info("Sam", 30000, 2015, 1, 6);
employee1.update_hire_date(2017, 6, 30);
employee1.update_salary(35000);
employee1.display_info();
cout << endl << endl;
Employee employee2{"Tony", 20000, 2020, 3, 16};
employee2.raise_salary(15); // 提成15%
employee2.display_info();
cout << endl << endl;
Employee::display_count();
}
int main() {
test();
}
说明:
- 这个简单编程示例采用多文件结构组织代码,Employee类的定义和实现单独放在文件employee.hpp中。类的测试代码放在task3.cpp中。
- Employee类中使用到了这些C++语言特性:构造函数、类的static成员、const成员函数、带有默认值的函数。
- 在显示员工信息成员函数 display_info() 中,使用了一部分操控符函数,控制数据输出格式。
- 在文件employee.hpp中, #pragma once 指令用于保证文件不会被重复包含,标识符不会被重复引用。也可以使用 #ifndef xxx #define xxx #endif 实现同等效果。
实验任务四
complex.h
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include<complex>
class Complex{
public:
Complex();
Complex(double r, double i = 0.0);
Complex(const Complex& obj);
double get_real()const { return real; };
double get_imag()const { return img; };
void show()const;
void add(Complex c1);
friend Complex add(Complex c1, Complex c2);
friend bool is_equal(Complex c1, Complex c2);
friend double abs(Complex c);
private:
double real;
double img;
};
Complex::Complex() :real{ 0 }, img{ 0 } {}
Complex::Complex(double r, double i) : real{ r }, img{ i } {}
Complex::Complex(const Complex& obj) :real{ obj.real }, img{ obj.img } {}
void Complex::add(Complex c1) {
real += c1.real;
img += c1.img;
}
Complex add(Complex c1, Complex c2) {
Complex c3;
c3.real = c1.real + c2.real;
c3.img = c1.img + c2.img;
return c3;
}
bool is_equal(Complex c1, Complex c2)
{
if (c1.img == c2.img && c1.real == c2.real)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
double abs(Complex c)
{
double count = 0;
count = sqrt(c.img * c.img + c.real * c.real);
return count;
}
void Complex::show()const {
if (img > 0)
std::cout << real << "+" << img << "i" << std::endl;
else if (img < 0)
std::cout << real << img << "i" << std::endl;
else if (img == 0)
std::cout << real << std::endl;
}
task.cpp
#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>
// 类测试
void test() {
using namespace std;
Complex c1(5, -2);
const Complex c2(7.5);
Complex c3(c1);
cout << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = ";
c2.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
cout << "c3 = ";
c3.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = ";
cout << abs(c1) << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
Complex c4;
c4 = add(c1, c2);
cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
c4.show();
cout << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
}
实验任务五
user.h
#pragma once
#include<iostream>;
#include<string>
class User {
public:
User(std::string name0, std::string password0 = "111111", std::string email0 = "");
void set_email();
void change_passwd();
void print_info();
void static print_n() {
std::cout << "共有 " << n << " 名用户" << std::endl;
}
private:
std::string name;
std::string email;
std::string passwd;
static int n;
};
int User::n = 0;
User::User(std::string name0, std::string password0, std::string email0) :name{ name0 }, email{ email0 }, passwd{ password0 } { n++; }
void User::set_email() {
std::string email1;
std::cout << "请用户用键盘输入邮箱地址!" << std::endl;
std::cin >> email1;
if (email1 != "")
{
email = email1;
std::cout << "邮箱设置成功!" << std::endl;
}
else
std::cout << "未设置邮箱,将使用默认值!" << std::endl;
}
void User::change_passwd() {
std::cout << "请输入旧密码!" << std::endl;
std::string password;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
flag:
std::cin >> password;
if (password != passwd)
{
std::cout << "原密码不正确,请重新输入!";
std::cout << "已连续输入错误" << i + 1 << "次!" << std::endl;
if (i == 2)
{
std::cout << "已连续输入三次错误密码,请稍后再试。" << std::endl;
goto flag;
}
}
else if (password == passwd)
{
std::cout << "原密码验证成功,请输入新密码!" << std::endl;
std::cin >> passwd;
std::cout << "密码修改成功!" << std::endl;
break;
}
}
}
void User::print_info() {
int length = passwd.length();
std::cout << "用户名为:" << name << std::endl;
std::cout << "邮箱为:" << email << std::endl;
std::cout << "密码为:";
while (length--)
{
std::cout << "*";
if (length == 0)
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
taks5.cpp
#include "User.hpp"
#include <iostream>
// 测试User类
void test() {
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "testing 1......\n";
User user1("Li", "123456", "[email protected]");
user1.print_info();
cout << endl
<< "testing 2......\n\n";
User user2("lixuan");
user2.change_passwd();
user2.set_email();
user2.print_info();
cout << endl;
User::print_n();
}
int main() {
test();
}
标签:std,const,对象,double,void,int,Complex,实验 From: https://www.cnblogs.com/Cali-AKA/p/16785273.html