1.Vue初体验
1.1 Vue是什么
Vue 是一个现代 JavaScript 框架,是jQuery的替代
- vue2 经典版本
- vue3 主流版本
1.2 Vue安装
下载地址:https://unpkg.com/vue@2/dist/vue.js
在项目中导入通过<script src="">
来导入vue.js
编写前端代码使用的IDE:WebStorm
1.3 Vue初体验
一般在显示文本内容的标签中使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 1.引入vue.js文件-->
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 2.指定区域,该区域的内容希望由vue.js来接管-->
<div id="app">
<h1>欢迎学习Vue.js</h1>
<div>我叫{{ name }},微信{{ wechat }}</div>
<input type="button" value="点我" v-on:click="clickMe">
</div>
<script>
// 3.创建Vue对象,并关联指定的HTML区域
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
name:'Gin49SZ',
wechat:'gin49sz'
},
methods: {
clickMe: function () {
// 获取值this.name
// 修改值this.name = 'xx'
this.name = "Alex";
this.wechat = "wupeiqi666";
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.Vue常见指令
2.1 插值表达式
一般在显示文本内容的标签中使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>我叫{{ name }},我喜欢{{ hobby }},邮箱{{ dataInfo.email }}</div>
<ul>
<li>{{ 'Li Hua' }}</li>
<li>{{ 'Li Hua' + 'has a football' }}</li>
<li>{{ base + 1 + 1 }}</li>
<li>{{ 1===1 ?'Li Hua':'Li Min' }}</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>{{ condition?'Li Hua':'Li Min' }}</li>
</ul>
<input type="button" value="点我" v-on:click="clickMe">
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
name: 'Cai Xukun',
hobby: 'Basketball',
dataInfo: {
id: 1,
email: "xxx.com"
},
condition:false,
base:1,
},
methods: {
clickMe: function () {
this.name = "Alex";
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.2 v-bind指令
一般用于对标签中的属性进行操作
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-bind指令</title>
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
<style>
.ig{
border: 2px solid red;
}
.danger{
color:red;
}
.info{
background-color:#a7bb6e54;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<img alt="" v-bind:src="imageUrl" v-bind:class="cls">
<h1 v-bind:class="{info:v1, danger:v2}">你好呀</h1>
<h1 v-bind:class="clsDict">Hello</h1>
<h2 v-bind:class="[a1, a2]">Welcome to you</h1>
<h2 v-bind:class="[ 1 === 1 ? a1 : a2 ]">this is a condition</h1><!--条件判断,若为true返回a1否则返回a2-->
<h2 v-bind:class=" 1 === 1 ? 'info' : 'danger' ">this is another condition</h1><!--与上一个效果相同-->
<h3 v-bind:style="{ color:clr, fontSize:'19px' }">use v-bind:style</h3>
<input type="button" value="点我" v-on:click="clickMe"></input>
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
imageUrl:"图片链接",
cls:"ig", //对应的class="ig"
v1:true,
v2:false, //对应的class="info"
clsDict:{
info:false,
danger:true,
}, //对应的class="danger"
a1:"info",
a2:"danger", //对应的class="info danger"
clr:"red",
},
methods: {
clickMe: function () {
this.v1 = false; //修改v1为false, "你好呀"的class中去掉了info
}
},
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
v-bind注意事项:
-
简写的格式:
:属性名=属性值
,例如<h1 v-bind:class="v1">xxx</h1> <h1 :class="v1">xxx</h1> <img :src="yy">
-
v-bind属于单向绑定(JS修改 -> HTML修改)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>插值表达式</title> <script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <h1>{{txt}}</h1> <input type="text" :value="txt"> <input type="button" value="点击" v-on:click="clickMe"> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { txt: "武沛齐", //单项绑定,在页面修改值,并不会修改相关联的js }, methods: { clickMe: function () { this.txt = "Alex"; }, }, }); </script> </body> </html>
2.3 v-model指令
一般用于在交互的表中使用,例如input、select、textarea等 [双向绑定]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>单向绑定</title>
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>
用户名:<input type="text" v-model="user">
</div>
<div>
密码:<input type="password" v-model="pwd">
</div>
<input type="button" value="登录" v-on:click="clickMe">
<input type="button" value="重置" v-on:click="resetForm">
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
user: "",
pwd: "",
},
methods: {
clickMe: function () {
console.log(this.user, this.pwd);
},
resetForm: function () {
this.user = "";
this.pwd = "";
},
},
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
更多细节
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-model</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>
用户名:<input type="text" v-model="info.user">
</div>
<div>
用户名:<input type="password" v-model="info.pwd">
</div>
<div>
性别:
<input type="radio" v-model="info.gender" value="1">男
<input type="radio" v-model="gender" value="2">女
</div>
<div>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" v-model="hobby" value="1">篮球
<input type="checkbox" v-model="hobby" value="2">足球
<input type="checkbox" v-model="hobby" value="3">板球
</div>
<div>
城市:
<select v-model="city">
<option value="sh">上海</option>
<option value="bj">北京</option>
<option value="sd">山东</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
擅长领域:
<select v-model="company" multiple>
<option value="js">技术</option>
<option value="xs">销售</option>
<option value="yy">运营</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
其他:<textarea v-model="more"></textarea>
</div>
<input type="button" value="注册" v-on:click="Clickme">
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
info:{
user: "",
pwd: "",
gender: "1",
},
hobby: ["1"],
city: "",
company:["js"],
more: "...",
},
methods: {
Clickme: function () {
console.log(this.info, this.hobby, this.city, this.company, this.more)
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.4 v-for指令
用户数据进行循环并展示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-model</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<!--示例1-->
<ul>
<li v-for="item in dataList">{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<!--示例2-->
<ul>
<li v-for="(idx, item) in dataList">{{idx}}-{{item}}</li>
</ul>
<!--示例3-->
<ul>
<li v-for="(key, value) in dataDict">{{key}}-{{value}}</li>
</ul>
<!--示例4-->
<ul>
<li v-for="(idx, item) in cityList">{{item.id}}-{{item.city}}</li>
</ul>
<!--示例5-->
<ul>
<li v-for="(idx, item) in cityList">
<span style="color: aqua" v-for="(k, v) in item">{{k}} {{v}}</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
dataList: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
dataDict: {
id: 1,
age: 18,
name: "xx",
},
cityList: [
{id:11, city:"上海"},
{id:12, city:"北京"},
{id:13, city:"深圳"},
],
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.5 v-on指令
事件相关的指令,例如:
v-on:click
v-on:dblclick
v-on:mouseover
v-on:mouseout
v-on:change
v-on:focus
简写格式:@:事件="函数"
<li v-on:dblclick="doSomething('双击')">双击</li>
<li @:dblclick="doSomething('双击')">双击</li>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-on指令</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<ul>
<li @:dblclick="doSomething('双击')">双击</li>
<li v-on:mouseover="doSomething('进入')" v-on:mouseout="doSomething('退出')">进入&退出</li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
},
methods:{
doSomething: function (msg) {
console.log(msg);
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
案例:数据管理
-
数据列表
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>插值表达式</title> <script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <h3>数据列表</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <td>姓名</td> <td>年龄</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="item in dataList"> <td>{{ item.name }}</td> <td>{{ item.age }}</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { dataList: [ {name: 'Li Ming', age: 19}, {name:'Zhang Hua', age:22} ], }, }); </script> </body> </html>
-
数据添加
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>插值表达式</title> <script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <h3>表单区域</h3> <div> <label>姓名</label> <input type="text" v-model="name"> </div> <div> <label>年龄</label> <input type="text" v-model="age"> <input type="submit" value="提交" @click="addUser"> </div> <h3>数据列表</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <td>姓名</td> <td>年龄</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="item in dataList"> <td>{{ item.name }}</td> <td>{{ item.age }}</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { name: "", age: "", dataList: [ {name: 'Li Ming', age: 19}, {name:'Zhang Hua', age:22} ], }, methods: { addUser: function () { // 创建行数据 let row = { name: this.name, age: this.age }; // 添加到数据表格 -> 添加到dataList this.dataList.push(row); // 数据置空 this.name = ""; this.age = ""; } } }); </script> </body> </html>
-
删除功能
splice(indx, delete_num, add_element)
第一个参数:执行的索引
第二个参数:从该索引开始要删除的元素个数,即返回的元素列表包含的元素个数
第三个参数:要添加的元素
dataList = ['a', 'b', 'c']; del_el = splice(2, 1); console.log(del_el) >>>['c']
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>插值表达式</title> <script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <h3>表单区域</h3> <div> <label>姓名</label> <input type="text" v-model="name"> </div> <div> <label>年龄</label> <input type="text" v-model="age"> <input type="submit" value="提交" @click="addUser"> </div> <h3>数据列表</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <td>姓名</td> <td>年龄</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="(idx, item) in dataList"> <td>{{ item.name }}</td> <td>{{ item.age }}</td> <td><input type="button" value="删除" @click="deleteRow(idx)"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { name: "", age: "", dataList: [ {name: 'Li Ming', age: 19}, {name:'Zhang Hua', age:22} ], }, methods: { addUser: function () { // 创建行数据 let row = { name: this.name, age: this.age }; // 添加到数据表格 -> 添加到dataList this.dataList.push(row); // 数据置空 this.name = ""; this.age = ""; }, deleteRow: function (idx) { //根据索引删除dataList的值 this.dataList.splice(idx, 1); } } }); </script> </body> </html>
当执行某一个事件,例如
@click="func(v1, v2, ...)"
,可以将所需要的参数都通过函数传递过去;另外,还有一种传递参数的方法,即通过默认的
event
参数,在标签中定义data-参数名
后,即可在event参数中找到对应的值... <td><input type="button" value="删除" @click="deleteRow()" :data-idx="idx"></td> ... <script> ... deleteRow: function () { //通过默认的event参数来删除 let idx = event.target.dataset.idx; this.dataList.splice(idx, 1) } </script>
-
编辑功能
解包
在es6(JavaScript版本)中,支持解包功能,和python一样
let {id, name} = {id: 1, name: 'Li Ming'} console.log(id, name) >>> 1 Li Ming
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>插值表达式</title> <script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <h3>表单区域</h3> <div> <label>姓名</label> <input type="text" v-model="name"> </div> <div> <label>年龄</label> <input type="text" v-model="age"> <input type="submit" :value="title" @click="modifyUser"> </div> <h3>数据列表</h3> <table> <thead> <tr> <td>姓名</td> <td>年龄</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr v-for="(idx, item) in dataList"> <td>{{ item.name }}</td> <td>{{ item.age }}</td> <td><input type="button" value="删除" @click="deleteRow(idx)" :data-idx="idx"></td> <td><input type="button" value="编辑" @click="editRow" :data-idx="idx"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { name: "", age: "", title: "新建", editIndex: undefined, dataList: [ {name: 'Li Ming', age: 19}, {name:'Zhang Hua', age:22} ], }, methods: { modifyUser: function () { console.log(this.editIndex) if(this.editIndex){ //编辑 this.dataList[this.editIndex].name = this.name; this.dataList[this.editIndex].age = this.age; //清空editIndex this.editIndex = undefined; }else{ //新增 // 创建行数据 let row = { name: this.name, age: this.age }; // 添加到数据表格 -> 添加到dataList this.dataList.push(row); } // 数据置空 this.name = ""; this.age = ""; //默认为新建 this.title = "新建"; }, deleteRow: function (idx) { //根据索引删除dataList的值 this.dataList.splice(idx, 1); //查看event参数中的idx console.log(event.target.dataset.idx) }, editRow: function () { let idx = event.target.dataset.idx; // 通过解包来获取变量 let {name, age} = this.dataList[idx]; // 将值赋给输入框 this.name = name; this.age = age; //修改按钮value this.title = "编辑"; //修改editIndex的值以执行编辑 this.editIndex = idx; } } }); </script> </body> </html>
2.6 v-if指令
条件判断,条件成立则显示,不成立则不显示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-if指令</title>
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<a v-if="isLogin">您好,{{ user }}</a>
<a v-else href="">登录</a>
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
isLogin: false,
user: "Li Minng",
},
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
if后面不一定必须有else,并且if和else可以连用
<a v-if="isA"></a>
<a v-else-if="isB"></a>
<a v-else-if="isC"></a>
<a v-else></a>
2.7 v-show指令
根据条件显示或者隐藏(但是标签都会渲染要页面,v-if是有和无,v-show是显示和隐藏display=none
)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>v-show指令</title>
<script src="..\..\static\js\vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<a v-show="v1">CXK</a>
<a v-show="!v1">BASKETBALL</a>
<hr>
<input type="button" value="切换" @click="Switch">
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
v1:true,
},
methods: {
Switch: function () {
if(this.v1){
this.v1 = false;
}else{
this.v1 = true;
}
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
简单的操作可以直接在@click=""
中添加表达式而不使用函数
<input type="button" value="切换" @click="v1 ? v1=false : v1=true">
v-show的使用例子:短信验证码登录和用户名密码登录之间的切换
案例:用户登录(axios)
axios是一个HTTP库,可以发送HTTP请求
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
也可以下载下来后在本地进行导入
<script src="../../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
在后期学习了脚手架,也可以通过npm安装来使用
一个使用例子:
<script src="../../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
axios({
method: "post",
url: "https://...",
params: {
v1: 123,
v2: 456
},
data: {
name: "ABC",
pwd: "123"
},
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json"
}
}).then(function (res) {
console.log(res.data);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
})
</script>
案例:用户登录
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>案例:用户登录</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<input type="button" value="切换登录方式" @click="isSms ? isSms=false : isSms=true">
<hr>
<div v-show="isSms">
<p>
<label for="">手机号</label>
<input type="text" placeholder="手机号" v-model="sms.mobile">
</p>
<p>
<label for="">验证码</label>
<input type="password" placeholder="验证码" v-model="sms.code">
</p>
</div>
<div v-show="!isSms">
<p>
<label for="">用户名</label>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名" v-model="info.username">
</p>
<p>
<label for="">密 码</label>
<input type="password" placeholder="密码" v-model="info.password">
</p>
</div>
<hr>
<input type="button" value="登 录" @click="login">
</div>
<script>
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
isSms: true,
info: {
username: "",
password: "",
},
sms: {
mobile: "",
code: "",
}
},
methods: {
login: function () {
// 1.获取用户输入的值
let dataDict = this.isSms ? this.sms : this.info;
// 2.向某个地址发送网络请求(基于axios)
let url;
if(this.isSms){
url = "https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/auth/password/login/?loginWay=mobile"
}else{
url = "https://api.luffycity.com/api/v1/auth/password/login/?loginWay=password"
}
axios({
method: "post",
url: url,
data: dataDict,
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json"
}
}).then(function (res) {
console.log("res", res.data);
if(res.data.code === -1){
alert(res.data.msg);
return;
}
// 网络成功后跳转首页
window.location.href = "https://api.luffycity.com"
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log("error", error);
alert("请求异常,请重新尝试")
})
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.组件化开发
在开发过程中,我们可以将页面中的某一部分功能编写成一个组件,然后再页面上进行引用。
- 有利于划分功能模块的开发(HTML、CSS、JavaScript等相关代码都集成到组件中)
- 有利于重用
3.1 局部组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>局部组件</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>======当前页面======</h1>
<div>{{name}}</div>
<hr>
<h1>======引入子组件======</h1>
<!--不影响其他Vue中的内容的使用-->
<Demo></Demo>
<!--组件也可以反复使用-->
<Bb></Bb>
<Bb></Bb>
</div>
<script>
// 创建子组件
const Demo = {
// 组件中的data是一个方法,并返回值(与Vue的对象不同)
data: function () {
return {
msg:'hhhh'
}
},
template: `
<div>
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<input type="text" v-model="msg">
<input type="button" @click="showMsg" value="点击这里展开msg">
</div>
`,
methods: {
showMsg: function () {
alert(this.msg);
}
}
}
const Bili = {
data: function () {
return {
dataList: [
{name: 'Li Ming', age: 19},
{name:'Zhang Hua', age:22}
],
}
},
template: `
<h3>数据列表</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年龄</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr v-for="(idx, item) in dataList">
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
`
}
// 应用组件
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
name: 'Zhang Hua',
},
// 1.将组件挂载到vue对象中
components: {
// 挂在子组件
Demo,
Bb: Bili
},
methods: {}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.2 全局组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>全局组件</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>======当前页面======</h1>
<div>{{name}}</div>
<hr>
<h1>======引入子组件======</h1>
<!--不影响其他Vue中的内容的使用-->
<Demo></Demo>
<!--组件也可以反复使用-->
<Bili></Bili>
<Bili></Bili>
</div>
<script>
// 创建子组件
Vue.component('Demo', {
data: function () {
return {
msg:'hhhh'
}
},
template: `
<div>
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<input type="text" v-model="msg">
<input type="button" @click="showMsg" value="点击这里展开msg">
</div>
`,
methods: {
showMsg: function () {
alert(this.msg);
}
}
});
Vue.component('Bili', {
data: function () {
return {
dataList: [
{name: 'Li Ming', age: 19},
{name:'Zhang Hua', age:22}
],
}
},
template: `
<h3>数据列表</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年龄</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr v-for="(idx, item) in dataList">
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
`
});
// 应用组件
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
name: 'Zhang Hua',
},
// 无需挂载
methods: {}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
问题:为何vue中组件的
data
必须是一个函数?vue中组件的
data
必须是相互隔离的,必须只在使用这个组件的时候才会创建,因此必须使用data函数返回对象作为组件的状态当某一处复用的地方组件内
data
数据被改变时,其他复用地方组件的data
数据不受影响
4.vue-router组件
vue-router:统筹组件的第三方工具
通过vue + vue-router的使用,可以实现单页面应用(SPA),即全部的项目只包含一个页面
4.1 下载和引用
下载地址:https://unpkg.com/vue-router@3/dist/vue-router.js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>vue-router</title>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<!--vue-router依赖于vue.js-->
<script src="../../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
后期学习脚手架,也可以通过npm下载和引用
4.2 快速上手
完成一个菜单,通过点击不同的按钮来加载不同的组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>vue-router应用</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.menu{
height: 48px;
background-color: #499ef3;
line-height: 48px;
}
.menu a{
color:white;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="../../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/">Logo</router-link>
<router-link to="/home">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/course">课程</router-link>
<router-link to="/news">资讯</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
<script>
const Home = {template: '<div>首页内容...</div>'};
const Course = {template: '<div>课程内容...</div>'};
const News = {template: '<div>资讯内容...</div>'};
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{path: '/', component: Home},
{path: '/home', component: Home},
{path: '/course', component: Course},
{path: '/news', component: News}
],
});
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
案例:router+axios
使用vue-router和axios实现多个案例发送不同的HTTP请求
组件中的data、created、mounted执行顺序
data(初始定义) -> created(DOM树创建之前) -> mounted(DOM树创建之后)
then(res=>{})中的
res=>{}
不可以替换成function(res){}
原因:使用中
res=>{}
的this.
表示的是它的上一级中的this,即Vue中的对象,而function(res){}
中的this.
表示Window中的对象举个例子:
function x1(){ console.log(this); //this -> Window } x1(); //等价于 window.x1 -------------------------------------------------------------- x2 = { name:'Li Ming', f: function(){ console.log(this);//this -> Object } } x2.f(); //等价于 x2 -------------------------------------------------------------- x3 = { name:'Li Ming', f:function(){ console.log(this);//this -> Object function inner() { console.log(this); } inner(); } } x3.f(); //当执行到inner时候,没有声明是由什么触发,默认使用Window,即此时的第二个this -> Window --------------------------------------------------------------- x3 = { name:'Li Ming', f:function(){ console.log(this);//this -> Object inner = () => { console.log(this);//箭头函数中的this默认是上一级的this } inner(); } } x3.f(); //当执行到inner时候,使用的是上一级的this,即此时的第二个this -> Object
关于这一点的原因
- 箭头函数根本没有自己的 this,导致箭头函数体内部的 this 就是外层函数体的 this,即从作用域链的上一层继承 this。
若普通函数是一个对象的方法,则它的 this 指针指向这个对象- ES6 之前,JavaScript 的 this 对象一直很令人头大,回调函数,经常看到 var self = this 这样的代码,为了将外部 this 传递到回调函数中,那么有了箭头函数,就不需要这样做了,直接使用 this 就行。
————————————————版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Run_Bomb/article/details/115001897
Vue中
{{}}
与Django中模板语法中{{}}
冲突的问题解决方式:https://blog.csdn.net/RKun595/article/details/87179711#22_11
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>router+axios</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.menu{
height: 48px;
background-color: #499ef3;
line-height: 48px;
}
.menu a{
color:white;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="../tatic/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/main">Main</router-link>
<router-link to="/data1">Data</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
<script>
const Home= {template: '<div>首页内容...</div>'};
const Data1= {
data: function () {
// 定义页面需要数据,使用函数返回对象,可以保证创建的对象只能在组件中使用
return {
dataList: [],
}
},
created: function (){
// 组件创建完毕后自动出发,发送HTTP请求
// created在页面渲染之前执行,所哟不可以对DOM树进行操作
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
for(item in this.dataList){
console.log(item)
}
})
},
mounted: function () {
// mounted在页面渲染结束之后执行,可以对DOM树进行操作
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<a>{{item.name}}</a>
<a>{{item.age}}</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{path: '/main', component: Home},
{path: '/data1', component: Data1},
],
});
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.3 路由和传值
当某个组件可以根据某些参数值的不同,展示不同的效果时,需要用到动态路由。
如何设置动态路由?
-
定义路由
const router = new VueRouter({ routers: [ {path:'/', component: Home}, {path:'/course', component: Course, name: 'Course'}, {path:'/detail/:id', component:Detail, name:'Detail'} ], })
-
HTML展示
<div> <router-link to="/">首页</router-link><!-- to= 后面只可以接path--> <router-link to="/course">课程</router-link> <router-link to="/detail/123">课程</router-link> <router-link :to="{path:'/course'}">课程</router-link> <router-link :to="{path:'/course?size=19&page=2'}">课程</router-link> <router-link :to="{path:'/course', query:{size:19, page:2}}">课程</router-link><!--自动拼接--> <router-link :to="{name: 'Course'}">课程</router-link> <router-link :to="{name: 'Course', query:{size:19, page:2}}">课程</router-link> <!--如果值是动态的例如vue中的data也可以--> <router-link :to="{name: 'Course', query:{size:data, page:2}}">课程</router-link> <router-link :to="{path:'/detail/22', query:{size:1}}">课程A</router-link> <router-link :to="{name:'Detail', params:{id:3}, query:{size:1}}">课程B</router-link> </div>
-
组件获取URL传值和GET参数
const Detail = { data: function () { return { title: '详细页面', paramDict: null, queryDict: null } }, created: function () { this.paramDict = this.$route.params; this.queryDict = this.$route.query; }, tenplate: ` <div> <h2>{{title}}</h2> <div>当前请求的数据{{paramDict}} {{queryDict}}</div> </div> ` }
案例:router+axios(2)
注意:当使用<router-link :to="{name:'Detail', params:{id:3}, query:{size:1}}">课程B</router-link>
类型的路由,需要保证在const router = new VueRouter
中对应的path有name属性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>router+axios</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.menu{
height: 48px;
background-color: #499ef3;
line-height: 48px;
}
.menu a{
color:white;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/main">Main</router-link>
<router-link to="/data1">Data</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
<script>
const Home= {template: '<div>首页内容...</div>'};
const Data1 = {
data: function () {
return {
dataList: [],
size: 2,
}
},
created: function (){
// 组件创建完毕后自动触发,发送HTTP请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}, query:{page:2, size:size}}">点击查看用户详情</router-link>
<a>{{item.id}}</a>
<a>{{item.name}}</a>
<a>{{item.age}}</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Detail = {
data: function () {
return {
title: "详细页面",
userid: null,
}
},
created: function () {
this.userid = this.$route.params.id;
// 此处可以根据用户id发送ajax请求
let queryDict = this.$route.query;
console.log(queryDict);
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>用户详情</h2>
<div>当前用户ID为{{userid}}</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
}
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{path: '/main', component: Home},
{path: '/data1', component: Data1},
{path:'/detail/:id', component: Detail, name: 'Detail'}<!--没有name会报错无法找到Detail-->
],
});
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.4 页面不刷新BUG
当在组件中的template定义了调用自己的路径,用户点击后会发生页面不刷新的BUG
const Detail = {
data: function () {
return {
title: "详细页面",
userid: null,
dataList: []
}
},
created: function () {
this.userid = this.$route.params.id;
// 此处可以根据用户id发送ajax请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>用户详情</h2>
<div>当前用户ID为{{userid}}</div>
<!--无法执行以下内容,因为组件在调用自己,不会刷新created的内容-->
<h2>其他用户</h2>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}}">
点击查看用户{{item.name}}的详情
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
}
如何解决呢?
在Detail组件中设置watch属性,watch会监测$route
值,一旦发生变化,就立即执行相应的函数
const Detail = {
...
watch: {
$route: function (to, from) { //to表示路由变化后的地址,from表示变化前
this.userid = to.params.id;
// 如果有ajax请求,此处也要发送,可以通过在methods中写ajax请求,然后直接调用即可
getUserDetail();
}
},
method: {
getUserDetail: function () {
//根据this.userid来执行ajax请求
}
}
}
案例:router+axios(3)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>router+axios</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.menu{
height: 48px;
background-color: #499ef3;
line-height: 48px;
}
.menu a{
color:white;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/main">Main</router-link>
<router-link to="/data1">Data</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
<script>
const Home= {template: '<div>首页内容...</div>'};
const Data1 = {
data: function () {
return {
dataList: [],
size: 2,
}
},
created: function (){
// 组件创建完毕后自动触发,发送HTTP请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}, query:{page:2, size:size}}">点击查看用户详情</router-link>
<a>{{item.id}}</a>
<a>{{item.name}}</a>
<a>{{item.age}}</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Detail = {
data: function () {
return {
title: "详细页面",
userid: null,
dataList: []
}
},
created: function () {
this.userid = this.$route.params.id;
// 此处可以根据用户id发送ajax请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
watch: {
$route: function (to, from) {
this.userid = to.params.id;
}
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>用户详情</h2>
<div>当前用户ID为{{userid}}</div>
<h2>其他用户</h2>
<hr>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}}">
点击查看用户{{item.name}}的详情
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
}
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{path: '/main', component: Home},
{path: '/data1', component: Data1},
{path:'/detail/:id', component: Detail, name: 'Detail'}
],
});
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.6 路由嵌套
一个组件包含多个组件的实现方法:路由嵌套
const router = new VueRouter({
routers: [
{
path: '/pins/',
component: Pins,
childern: [
{
// 当 /pins/hot 匹配成功,
// Hot组件会被渲染在Pins的<router-view>中
path: 'hot',
component: Hot
},
{
// 当 /pins/following 匹配成功,
// Following组件会被渲染在Pins的 <router-view> 中
path: 'following',
component: Following
}
]
}
]
})
案例:router+axios(4)
通过路由嵌套实现在一个组件下通过不同的标签展示不同的子组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>router+axios</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.container{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.menu{
height: 48px;
background-color: #499ef3;
line-height: 48px;
}
.menu a{
color:white;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 0 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/main">Main</router-link>
<router-link to="/data1">Data</router-link>
<router-link to="/pins/">Pins</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
<script>
const Home= {template: '<div>首页内容...</div>'};
const Data1 = {
data: function () {
return {
dataList: [],
size: 2,
}
},
created: function (){
// 组件创建完毕后自动触发,发送HTTP请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}, query:{page:2, size:size}}">点击查看用户详情</router-link>
<a>{{item.id}}</a>
<a>{{item.name}}</a>
<a>{{item.age}}</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Detail = {
data: function () {
return {
title: "详细页面",
userid: null,
dataList: []
}
},
created: function () {
this.userid = this.$route.params.id;
// 此处可以根据用户id发送ajax请求
axios({
method:"get",
url:'/data1/',
headers: {
'Content-type': 'application/json'
}
}).then((res) => {
this.dataList = res.data.data;
})
},
watch: {
$route: function (to, from) {
this.userid = to.params.id;
}
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>用户详情</h2>
<div>当前用户ID为{{userid}}</div>
<hr>
<h2>其他用户</h2>
<div v-for="item in dataList">
<router-link :to="{name: 'Detail', params:{id:item.id}}">
点击查看用户{{item.name}}的详情
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Pins = {
data: function () {
return {}
},
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>Pins专区</h2>
<router-link :to="{name: 'Hot'}">Hot</router-link>
<router-link :to="{name: 'Following'}">Following</router-link>
<hr>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Hot = {
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>Hot界面</h2>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const Following = {
template: `
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div>
<h2>Following界面</h2>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
`
};
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{path: '/main', component: Home},
{path: '/data1', component: Data1},
{path:'/detail/:id', component: Detail, name: 'Detail'},
{
path: '/pins/',
component: Pins,
children: [
{
// 当 /pins/hot 匹配成功,
// Hot组件会被渲染在Pins的<router-view>中
path: 'hot',
component: Hot,
name: 'Hot',
},
{
// 当 /pins/following 匹配成功,
// Following组件会被渲染在Pins的 <router-view> 中
path: 'following',
component: Following,
name: 'Following',
}
]
}
],
});
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
另外,通过redirect: {name: 'Module'}
或者redirect: '/path'
也可以在router中重定向
children:[
{
path:"",
redirect:{name:'Hot'} // 默认情况下,加载Hot组件,即进来之后就会显示/pins/hot页面
}
]
4.7 编程式导航
除了使用<router-link>
,也可以借助router的实例方法,通过编写代码来实现。
想要导航到不同的URL,则使用router.push
方法。这个方法会向history栈添加一个新的记录,所以,当用户点击浏览器后退按钮时,则回到之前的URL。
-
router.push
// 字符串 将home的URL添加到栈里,同时跳转过去 router.push("home") // 对象 router.push({path: "home"}) // 命名的路由 router.push({name:'user', params: {userId:'123'}}) // "/user/:userId" -> /user/123 // 带查询参数,变成/register?plan=private router.push({path:'register', query:{plan:'private'}})
-
router.replace 把当前的地址替换(无法再通过后退按钮返回到之前的地址)
//和push一样的使用方法,只是不会添加到history栈
-
router.go 这个方法的参数是一个整数,表示在history记录中向前或者向后退多少
router.go(1) //在浏览器中前进一步,等同于history.forward() router.go(-1) //后退一步,等同于history.back() router.go(3) //前进或者后退多步同理
案例:登录跳转
const Login = {
data: function () {
return {
user: '',
pwd: ''
}
},
methods: {
doLogin: function () {
this.$router.push({name:'Home'});
}
},
template:`
<div>
<p>
<label for="">用户名</label>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名" v-model="user">
</p>
<p>
<label for="">密 码</label>
<input type="password" placeholder="密码" v-model="pwd">
</p>
<hr>
<input type="button" value="登 录" @click="doLogin">
</div>
`
}
4.8 导航守卫(navigation guard)
在基于vue-router实现访问跳转时,都会执行一个钩子
const router = new VueRouter({...});
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
// to:Router: 即将要进入的目标 路由对象
// from: Router: 当前导航正要离开的路由
// next() 继续向后执行
// next(false) 中断导航,保持当前所在的页面
// next('/') next({path:'/'}) next(name:'Login') 跳转到指定页面,由此可以实现未登录跳转已登录
})
案例:路由拦截
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>router+axios</title>
<style>
</style>
<script src="../static/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/vue-router.js"></script>
<script src="../static/js/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% verbatim myblock %}
<div id="app">
<div class="menu">
<div class="container">
<router-link to="/main">Main</router-link>
<router-link to="/data1">Data</router-link>
<router-link to="/pins/">Pins</router-link>
<router-link style="float:right" to="/login">Login</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
{% endverbatim myblock %}
<script>
...
const Login = {
data: function () {
return {
user: '',
pwd: ''
}
},
methods: {
doLogin: function () {
// 添加到session
sessionStorage.setItem("isLogin", true);
this.$router.push({name:'Home'});
}
},
template:`
<div>
<p>
<label for="">用户名</label>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名" v-model="user">
</p>
<p>
<label for="">密 码</label>
<input type="password" placeholder="密码" v-model="pwd">
</p>
<hr>
<input type="button" value="登 录" @click="doLogin">
</div>
`
}
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
...
{path: '/login', component: Login, name:'Login'}
],
});
// 拦截器
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
// 如果已经登录,则可以继续访问目标地址
if(sessionStorage.getItem('isLogin')){
next();
return;
}
// 未登录,访问登陆页面
if(to.name === 'Login'){
next();
return;
}
// 未登录,跳转登陆页面
next({name: 'Login'});
})
var app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {},
methods: {},
// 将router添加到vue中
router: router,
});
</script>
</body>
</html
如果在routes中为某个path添加beforeEnter
,则可以实现对某一个路径进行拦截守卫
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
name: 'Home',
children: [...],
beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
...
}
}
]
})
标签:function,教程,Vue,name,app,使用,router,data,age
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/gin49sz/p/18082527