synchronized原理之Monitor 概念

Java 对象头

以 32 位虚拟机为例

普通对象

|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| Object Header (64 bits) |
|------------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Mark Word (32 bits) | Klass Word (32 bits) |
|------------------------------------|-------------------------|

数组对象

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Object Header (96 bits) |
|--------------------------------|-----------------------|------------------------|
| Mark Word(32bits) | Klass Word(32bits) | array length(32bits) |
|--------------------------------|-----------------------|------------------------|

其中 Mark Word 结构为

|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| Mark Word (32 bits) | State |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| hashcode:25 | age:4 | biased_lock:0 | 01 | Normal |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| thread:23 | epoch:2 | age:4 | biased_lock:1 | 01 | Biased |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| ptr_to_lock_record:30 | 00 | Lightweight Locked |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| ptr_to_heavyweight_monitor:30 | 10 | Heavyweight Locked |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| | 11 | Marked for GC |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|

64 位虚拟机 Mark Word

|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| Mark Word (64 bits) | State |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| unused:25 | hashcode:31 | unused:1 | age:4 | biased_lock:0 | 01 | Normal |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| thread:54 | epoch:2 | unused:1 | age:4 | biased_lock:1 | 01 | Biased |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| ptr_to_lock_record:62 | 00 | Lightweight Locked |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| ptr_to_heavyweight_monitor:62 | 10 | Heavyweight Locked |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| | 11 | Marked for GC |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|

参考资料

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26357186/what-is-in-java-object-header

原理之 Monitor(锁)

Monitor 原理

Monitor 被翻译为监视器或管程

每个 Java 对象都可以关联一个 Monitor 对象，如果使用 synchronized 给对象上锁（重量级）之后，该对象头的

Mark Word 中就被设置指向 Monitor 对象的指针

Monitor 结构如下

• 刚开始 Monitor 中 Owner 为 null
• 当 Thread-2 执行 synchronized(obj) 就会将 Monitor 的所有者 Owner 置为 Thread-2，Monitor中只能有一个 Owner
• 在 Thread-2 上锁的过程中，如果 Thread-3，Thread-4，Thread-5 也来执行 synchronized(obj)，就会进入EntryList BLOCKED
• Thread-2 执行完同步代码块的内容，然后唤醒 EntryList 中等待的线程来竞争锁，竞争的时是非公平的
• 图中 WaitSet 中的 Thread-0，Thread-1 是之前获得过锁，但条件不满足进入 WAITING 状态的线程，后面讲wait-notify 时会分析

注意：

• synchronized 必须是进入同一个对象的 monitor 才有上述的效果
• 不加 synchronized 的对象不会关联监视器，不遵从以上规则

synchronized 原理

static final Object lock = new Object();
static int counter = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
 synchronized (lock) {
 counter++;
 }
}

对应的字节码为

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
 descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
 flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
 stack=2, locals=3, args_size=1
 0: getstatic #2 // <- lock引用 （synchronized开始）
 3: dup
 4: astore_1 // lock引用 -> slot 1
 5: monitorenter // 将 lock对象 MarkWord 置为 Monitor 指针
 6: getstatic #3 // <- i
 9: iconst_1 // 准备常数 1
 10: iadd // +1
 11: putstatic #3 // -> i
 14: aload_1 // <- lock引用
 15: monitorexit // 将 lock对象 MarkWord 重置, 唤醒 EntryList
 16: goto 24
 19: astore_2 // e -> slot 2 
 20: aload_1 // <- lock引用
 21: monitorexit // 将 lock对象 MarkWord 重置, 唤醒 EntryList
 22: aload_2 // <- slot 2 (e)
 23: athrow // throw e
 24: return
 Exception table:
 from to target type
 6 16 19 any
 19 22 19 any
 LineNumberTable:
 line 8: 0
 line 9: 6
 line 10: 14
 line 11: 24
 LocalVariableTable:
 Start Length Slot Name Signature
 0 25 0 args [Ljava/lang/String;
 StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
 frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
 offset_delta = 19
 locals = [ class "[Ljava/lang/String;", class java/lang/Object ]
 stack = [ class java/lang/Throwable ]
 frame_type = 250 /* chop */
 offset_delta = 4

注意

方法级别的 synchronized 不会在字节码指令中有所体现