邮件发送
更多参考：
https://mrbird.cc/Spring-Boot-Email.html
引入依赖
在Spring Boot中发送邮件，需要用到spring-boot-starter-mail，引入spring-boot-starter-mail：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
邮件配置
在application.yml中进行简单的配置（以QQ邮件为例）：
server:
port: 80
spring:
mail:
#mtp服务主机 qq邮箱则为smtp.qq.com;163邮箱是smtp.163.com
host: smtp.qq.com
#服务协议
protocol: smtp
default-encoding: UTF-8
username: [email protected]
password: enxspdgxtrwugaif
test-connection: true
properties:
mail:
smtp:
auth: true
starttls:
enable: true
required: true
spring.mail.username 邮箱
spring.mail.password 密钥，授权码
- 授权码打开
发送简单的邮件
编写EmailController，注入JavaMailSender:
// 引入邮件接口
@Resource
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
// 获得发件人信息
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String emailName;
// 邮箱验证码
static String emailAuth;
@PostMapping("regCaptcha")
public Object captcha(@RequestParam String email) {
// TODO 生产验证码 hutool
emailAuth = String.valueOf(new Random().nextInt(899999) + 100000);
try {
sendAttachmentsMail(emailAuth,email);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseUtil.ok("发送成功");
}
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String emailAuth,String email){
// 创建邮件消息
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom(emailName);
message.setTo(email);
message.setSubject("[mall]@rain-me验证码是");
message.setText("尊敬的"+email+",您好:\n"
+ "\n本次请求的邮件验证码为:" + emailAuth + ",本验证码 5 分钟内效，请及时输入。（请勿泄露此验证码）\n"
+ "\n如非本人操作，请忽略该邮件。\n(这是一封通过自动发送的邮件，请不要直接回复）");
javaMailSender.send(message);
}
启动项目访问http://localhost/email/sendSimpleEmail，提示发送成功：
发送HTML格式的邮件
改造EmailController，SimpleMailMessage替换为MimeMessage：
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/email")
public class EmailController {
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender jms;
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@RequestMapping("sendHtmlEmail")
public String sendHtmlEmail() {
MimeMessage message = null;
try {
message = jms.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo("[email protected]"); // 接收地址
helper.setSubject("一封HTML格式的邮件"); // 标题
// 带HTML格式的内容
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("<p style='color:#6db33f'>使用Spring Boot发送HTML格式邮件。</p>");
helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);
jms.send(message);
return "发送成功";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}
helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);中的true表示发送HTML格式邮件。启动项目，访问http://localhost/email/sendHtmlEmail，提示发送成功，可看到文本已经加上了颜色#6db33f：
发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件和普通邮件相比，其实就只是多了个传入附件的过程。不过使用的仍是MimeMessage：
package com.springboot.demo.controller;
import java.io.File;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/email")
public class EmailController {
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender jms;
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@RequestMapping("sendAttachmentsMail")
public String sendAttachmentsMail() {
MimeMessage message = null;
try {
message = jms.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo("[email protected]"); // 接收地址
helper.setSubject("一封带附件的邮件"); // 标题
helper.setText("详情参见附件内容！"); // 内容
// 传入附件
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File("src/main/resources/static/file/项目文档.docx"));
helper.addAttachment("项目文档.docx", file);
jms.send(message);
return "发送成功";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}
启动项目访问http://localhost/email/sendAttachmentsMail，提示发送成功：
发送带静态资源的邮件
发送带静态资源的邮件其实就是在发送HTML邮件的基础上嵌入静态资源（比如图片），嵌入静态资源的过程和传入附件类似，唯一的区别在于需要标识资源的cid：
package com.springboot.demo.controller;
import java.io.File;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/email")
public class EmailController {
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender jms;
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@RequestMapping("sendInlineMail")
public String sendInlineMail() {
MimeMessage message = null;
try {
message = jms.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo("[email protected]"); // 接收地址
helper.setSubject("一封带静态资源的邮件"); // 标题
helper.setText("<html><body>博客图：<img src='cid:img'/></body></html>", true); // 内容
// 传入附件
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File("src/main/resources/static/img/sunshine.png"));
helper.addInline("img", file);
jms.send(message);
return "发送成功";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}
helper.addInline("img", file);中的img和图片标签里cid后的名称相对应。启动项目访问http://localhost/email/sendInlineMail，提示发送成功：
使用模板发送邮件
在发送验证码等情况下可以创建一个邮件的模板，唯一的变量为验证码。这个例子中使用的模板解析引擎为Thymeleaf，所以首先引入Thymeleaf依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
在template目录下创建一个emailTemplate.html模板：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>模板</title>
</head>
<body>
您好，您的验证码为{code}，请在两分钟内使用完成操作。
</body>
</html>
发送模板邮件，本质上还是发送HTML邮件，只不过多了绑定变量的过程，详细如下所示：
package com.springboot.demo.controller;
import java.io.File;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/email")
public class EmailController {
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender jms;
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@RequestMapping("sendTemplateEmail")
public String sendTemplateEmail(String code) {
MimeMessage message = null;
try {
message = jms.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo("[email protected]"); // 接收地址
helper.setSubject("邮件摸板测试"); // 标题
// 处理邮件模板
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("code", code);
String template = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);
helper.setText(template, true);
jms.send(message);
return "发送成功";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}
其中code对应模板里的${code}变量。启动项目，访问http://localhost/email/sendTemplateEmail?code=EOS9，页面提示发送成功：
