【转载】Springboot2.x单元测试

参考

• https://blog.csdn.net/wangxi06/article/details/114630426
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44381387/article/details/120869168 (新版spring-boot-starter-test不再集成junit，而是junit-jupiter，无需 @RunWith)
• https://www.jianshu.com/p/34f57f41af70
• https://www.cnblogs.com/qdhxhz/p/13684458.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/pan_junbiao/article/details/104296855
• https://blog.csdn.net/ryo1060732496/article/details/80792246
• https://junit.org/junit5/ （junit5官网）
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38928944/article/details/82220016 （assertThat用法）
• https://blog.csdn.net/wangxi06/article/details/114630426
• https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/428798586
• https://blog.csdn.net/fanxiaobin577328725/article/details/78407192
• https://juejin.cn/post/7023706905570705415

注意

1. 新版spring-boot-starter-test不再集成junit，而是junit-jupiter，无需 @RunWith（本文章使用的版本 2.3.12.RELEASE）
2. vs code 插件由于安装了无法提供更准确的插件名称，应该罗列的这几个就是。

环境

正文

junit5

仅仅一部分示例，具体请参考官网

package com.example.demo.service;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity;

@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Resource
    UserService userService;

    @BeforeAll
    static void beforeAll(){
        System.out.println("==beforeAll==");
    }

    @AfterAll
    static void afterAll(){
        System.out.println("==AfterAll==");
    }

    @BeforeEach
    void beforeEach(){
        System.out.println("==BeforeEach==");
    }

    @AfterEach
    void afterEach(){
        System.out.println("==AfterEach==");
    }

    @Test
    void testAdd() {
        UserEntity userEntity = userService.add();
        // 相等
        assertEquals(userEntity.getId(), 1);
        // 不相等
        assertNotEquals(2, 1);
        // 对象是为空
        assertNull(null);
        // 断言为真
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}

控制器测试 WebMvcTest

仅仅一部分简单示例。

1. src\main\java\com\example\demo\controller\IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class IndexController {

    @GetMapping("test")
    public String test() {
        return "hello";
    }
    
}

2. src\test\java\com\example\demo\controller\IndexControllerTest.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import org.assertj.core.data.Index;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

// @SpringBootTest
// 告诉 JUnit 5 启用 Spring 支持
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebMvcTest(controllers = IndexController.class)
public class IndexControllerTest {

    /**
     * 加上 @WebMvcTest(controllers = IndexController.class) 就可以自动注入，不加就要在 @BeforeEach 手动注入。
     */
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    // @BeforeEach
    // public void setUp() throws Exception {
    //     mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new IndexController()).build();
    //     System.out.println("初始化mock模块");
    // }

    @Test
    void testTest() throws Exception {
        String responseString = mvc.perform(
                                        MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/test")
                                        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                                    )
                                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())    //返回的状态是200
                                    .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();   //将相应的数据转换为字符串;
        System.out.println("获取结果为：" + responseString);
        assertEquals(responseString, "hello");
    }

}