前言全局说明
安装 lxml==4.5.1 版本时，报错：
一、先说解决方法
原因：
可能是模块指定版本太老，需要的 python 版本也要旧一些，
安装 3.10.11 和3.9 都不行，
解决：
降到 3.8.10 就可以了
安装包名：python-3.8.10-amd64.exe
有的说jiang到 python==3.9.12 也可以（我没试，就直接用我之前安装没问题的包了）
一下是解决过程，有兴趣可以往下看看
二、错误一
Python 版本：python-3.10.11-amd64.exe
pip install lxml==4.5.1
Collecting lxml==4.5.1
Using cached lxml-4.5.1.tar.gz (4.5 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: lxml
Building wheel for lxml (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for lxml (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [75 lines of output]
<string>:64: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
Building lxml version 4.5.1.
Building without Cython.
Building against pre-built libxml2 andl libxslt libraries
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for lxml
Failed to build lxml
ERROR: Could not build wheels for lxml, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
按提示要去 https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/ 网站下载安装C++库
安装库后未解决
三、错误二
Python 版本：python-3.9.13-amd64.exe
pip install lxml==4.5.1
lxml==4.5.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 6))
Using cached https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/packages/03/a8/73d795778143be51d8b86750b371b3efcd7139987f71618ad9f4b8b65543/lxml-4.5.1.tar.gz (4.5 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: lxml
Building wheel for lxml (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for lxml (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [95 lines of output]
<string>:64: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
Building lxml version 4.5.1.
Building without Cython.
Building against pre-built libxml2 andl libxslt libraries
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\html
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml
copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\src
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\src\lxml
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DCYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK=0 -Isrc -Isrc\lxml\includes -IC:\Python\Python310\include -IC:\Python\Python310\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc\lxml\etree.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\src\lxml\etree.obj -w
cl: 命令行 warning D9025 :正在重写“/W3”(用“/w”)
etree.c
C:\Users\qt-hp-ab2\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_g8zrjmz\lxml_2c901d1810d74771b3a39307f0990c6d\src\lxml\includes/etree_defs.h(14): fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “libxml/xmlversion.h”: No such file or directory
Compile failed: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.38.33130\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
creating Users
creating Users\QT-HP-~1
creating Users\QT-HP-~1\AppData
creating Users\QT-HP-~1\AppData\Local
creating Users\QT-HP-~1\AppData\Local\Temp
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I/usr/include/libxml2 "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" /TcC:\Users\QT-HP-~1\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInits0_z6jhq.c /FoUsers\QT-HP-~1\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInits0_z6jhq.obj
xmlXPathInits0_z6jhq.c
C:\Users\QT-HP-~1\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInits0_z6jhq.c(1): fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “libxml/xpath.h”: No such file or directory
*********************************************************************************
Could not find function xmlCheckVersion in library libxml2. Is libxml2 installed?
*********************************************************************************
error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.38.33130\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for lxml
Failed to build lxml
ERROR: Could not build wheels for lxml, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
网上的方法：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73700676/article/details/134018581
复制 rc.exe 和 rcdll.dll 到 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86
未解决
四、
免责声明：本号所涉及内容仅供安全研究与教学使用，如出现其他风险，后果自负。
参考、来源：
https://blog.csdn.net/SSY_1992/article/details/132162056
https://blog.csdn.net/ViatorSun/article/details/118699938 (Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools)
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37553692/article/details/128996821 （Microsoft C++构建工具）
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44319167/article/details/130439875
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/165008313
https://blog.csdn.net/xinhongjun12/article/details/90443119 （手动安装:pip install lxml‑4.3.3‑cp38‑cp38m‑win32.whl ）
https://blog.csdn.net/sunnyrainflower/article/details/127640244 （安装了低版本的python==3.9.12就可以了，不用装任何插件就能顺利安装。）
https://blog.csdn.net/xinhongjun12/article/details/90443119
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73700676/article/details/134015153
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73700676/article/details/134018581
https://blog.csdn.net/kaever/article/details/106526610