实验任务1
Point.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 class Point { 8 public: 9 Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0); 10 ~Point() = default; 11 12 int get_x() const; 13 int get_y() const; 14 void show() const; 15 void move(int new_x, int new_y); 16 17 private: 18 int x, y; 19 }; 20 21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} { 22 } 23 24 int Point::get_x() const { 25 return x; 26 } 27 28 int Point::get_y() const { 29 return y; 30 } 31 32 void Point::show() const { 33 cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl; 34 } 35 36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) { 37 x = new_x; 38 y = new_y; 39 }View Code
task1.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include "point.hpp" 3 #include <vector> 4 5 using std::vector; 6 using std::cin; 7 8 // 输出vector<Point>对象内所有点的坐标 9 void output(const vector<Point> &v) { 10 for(auto &t: v) 11 t.show(); 12 } 13 14 void test() { 15 int n; 16 cout << "输入动态Point数组类对象中元素个数: "; 17 cin >> n; 18 19 vector<Point> x(n); 20 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 21 output(x); 22 23 vector<Point> y(x); // 基于vector<Point>对象x构建对象y 24 cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 25 output(y); 26 27 cout << "\n更新x对象......" << endl; 28 x.at(0).move(30, 50); // 更新对象x内索引为0的点对象坐标 29 x.push_back(Point(2, 2)); // 向x对象末尾添加一个点对象 30 31 cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 32 output(x); 33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 34 output(y); 35 } 36 37 int main() { 38 test(); 39 }View Code
运行测试结果
问题1:不发生变化
问题2:深复制
实验任务2
Point.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 class Point { 8 public: 9 Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0); 10 ~Point() = default; 11 12 int get_x() const; 13 int get_y() const; 14 void show() const; 15 void move(int new_x, int new_y); 16 17 private: 18 int x, y; 19 }; 20 21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} { 22 } 23 24 int Point::get_x() const { 25 return x; 26 } 27 28 int Point::get_y() const { 29 return y; 30 } 31 32 void Point::show() const { 33 cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl; 34 } 35 36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) { 37 x = new_x; 38 y = new_y; 39 }View Code
vectorPoint.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include "point.hpp" 4 #include <cassert> 5 #include <iostream> 6 7 class vectorPoint{ 8 public: 9 vectorPoint(int n); 10 ~vectorPoint(); 11 12 int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数 13 Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用 14 Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用 15 16 private: 17 int size; // 动态数组的大小 18 Point *ptr; 19 }; 20 21 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} { 22 ptr = new Point[n]; 23 } 24 25 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() { 26 delete[] ptr; 27 } 28 29 int vectorPoint::get_size() const { 30 return size; 31 } 32 33 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) { 34 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止 35 return ptr[index]; 36 } 37 38 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const { 39 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); 40 return ptr[index]; 41 }View Code
task2.cpp
1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据 5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) { 6 for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i) 7 v.at(i).show(); 8 } 9 10 // 测试vectorPoint类:构造对象、复制构造对象 11 void test() { 12 using namespace std; 13 14 int n; 15 cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: "; 16 cin >> n; 17 18 vectorPoint x(n); 19 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 20 output(x); 21 22 vectorPoint y(x); 23 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 24 output(y); 25 26 cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl; 27 x.at(0).move(30, 50); 28 x.at(1).move(-1, -1); 29 30 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 31 output(x); 32 33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 34 output(y); 35 } 36 37 int main() { 38 test(); 39 }View Code
运行测试结果
vectorPoint.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include "point.hpp" 4 #include <cassert> 5 #include <iostream> 6 7 class vectorPoint{ 8 public: 9 vectorPoint(int n); 10 vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp); 11 ~vectorPoint(); 12 13 int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数 14 Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用 15 Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用 16 17 private: 18 int size; // 动态数组的大小 19 Point *ptr; 20 }; 21 22 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} { 23 ptr = new Point[n]; 24 } 25 26 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{vp.ptr} { 27 } 28 29 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() { 30 delete[] ptr; 31 } 32 33 int vectorPoint::get_size() const { 34 return size; 35 } 36 37 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) { 38 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止 39 return ptr[index]; 40 } 41 42 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const { 43 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); 44 return ptr[index]; 45 }View Code
运行测试结果
问题1:发生变化
问题2:浅复制
问题3:浅复制
实验任务3
Point.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 class Point { 8 public: 9 Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0); 10 ~Point() = default; 11 12 int get_x() const; 13 int get_y() const; 14 void show() const; 15 void move(int new_x, int new_y); 16 17 private: 18 int x, y; 19 }; 20 21 Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} { 22 } 23 24 int Point::get_x() const { 25 return x; 26 } 27 28 int Point::get_y() const { 29 return y; 30 } 31 32 void Point::show() const { 33 cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl; 34 } 35 36 void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) { 37 x = new_x; 38 y = new_y; 39 }View Code
vectorPoint.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include "point.hpp" 4 #include <cassert> 5 #include <iostream> 6 7 class vectorPoint{ 8 public: 9 vectorPoint(int n); 10 vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp); 11 ~vectorPoint(); 12 13 int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数 14 Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用 15 Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用 16 17 private: 18 int size; // 动态数组的大小 19 Point *ptr; 20 }; 21 22 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} { 23 ptr = new Point[n]; 24 } 25 26 vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{new Point[size]} { 27 for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i) 28 ptr[i] = vp.ptr[i]; 29 } 30 31 vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() { 32 delete[] ptr; 33 } 34 35 int vectorPoint::get_size() const { 36 return size; 37 } 38 39 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) { 40 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏,在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件,则程序终止 41 return ptr[index]; 42 } 43 44 Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const { 45 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); 46 return ptr[index]; 47 }View Code
task3.cpp
1 #include "vectorPoint.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 // 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据 5 void output(const vectorPoint &v) { 6 for(auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i) 7 v.at(i).show(); 8 } 9 10 // 测试vectorPoint类:构造对象、复制构造对象 11 void test() { 12 using namespace std; 13 14 int n; 15 cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: "; 16 cin >> n; 17 18 vectorPoint x(n); 19 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 20 output(x); 21 22 vectorPoint y(x); 23 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 24 output(y); 25 26 cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl; 27 x.at(0).move(30, 50); 28 x.at(1).move(-1, -1); 29 30 cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 31 output(x); 32 33 cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl; 34 output(y); 35 } 36 37 int main() { 38 test(); 39 }View Code
运行测试结果
问题1:发生变化
问题2:浅复制
问题3:同一类型的对象之间可以赋值,使得两个对象的成员变量的值相同,两个对象仍然是独立的两个对象,这种情况被称为浅复制。一般情况下,浅复制没有任何副作用,但是当类中有指针,并且指针指向动态分配的内存空间,析构函数做了动态内存释放的处理,会导致内存问题。当类中有指针,并且此指针有动态分配空间,析构函数做了释放处理,往往需要自定义复制构造函数,自行给指针动态分配空间,深复制。
实验任务4
task4_1.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 // 函数声明 5 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry); // 引用作为形参 6 void swap2(int *px, int *py); // 指针作为形参 7 void print(int x, int y); // 普通变量作为形参 8 9 // 测试代码 10 void test() { 11 int x = 3, y = 4; 12 13 print(x, y); 14 swap1(x, y); // 函数调用,注意:引用作为形参时,实参形式 15 print(x, y); 16 17 cout << endl; 18 19 x = 3, y = 4; 20 print(x, y); 21 swap2(&x, &y); // 函数调用,注意:指针作为形参时,实参形式 22 print(x, y); 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 test(); 27 } 28 29 // 函数定义:交换两个变量(引用变量作为形参) 30 void swap1(int &rx, int &ry) { 31 int t; 32 33 t = rx; rx = ry; ry = t; 34 } 35 36 // 函数定义:交换两个变量(指针变量作为形参) 37 void swap2(int *px, int *py) { 38 int t; 39 40 t = *px; *px = *py; *py = t; 41 } 42 43 // 函数定义:输出两个变量(普通变量作为形参) 44 void print(int x, int y) { 45 std::cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << "\n"; 46 }View Code
运行测试结果
task4_2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <typeinfo> 3 using namespace std; 4 5 int main() { 6 int a; 7 8 int &ra = a; 9 ra = 4; 10 11 int *pa = &a; 12 *pa = 5; 13 14 // 以十六进制形式输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra,指针变量pa的地址 15 cout << "&a = " << hex << &a << endl; 16 cout << "&ra = " << hex << &ra << endl; 17 cout << "&pa = " << hex << &pa << "\n\n"; 18 19 // 输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra,指针变量pa的值 20 cout << "a = " << a << endl; 21 cout << "ra = " << a << endl; 22 cout << "pa = " << hex << pa << endl; 23 24 // 输出指针变量pa指向的变量的值 25 cout << "*pa = " << *pa << "\n\n"; 26 27 // 输出普通变量a,引用变量ra, 指针变量pa的类型信息 28 cout << "type a: " << typeid(a).name() << endl; 29 cout << "type ra: " << typeid(ra).name() << endl; 30 cout << "type pa: " << typeid(pa).name() << endl; 31 }View Code
运行测试结果
task4_3.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 template<typename T> 7 void output(const T &x) { 8 for(auto i: x) 9 std::cout << i << ", "; 10 std::cout << "\b\b \n"; 11 } 12 13 template<typename T> 14 void square1(T &x) { 15 for(auto i: x) // i是普通类型 16 i *= i; 17 } 18 19 template<typename T> 20 void square2(T &x) { 21 for(auto &i: x) // i是引用类型 22 i *= i; 23 } 24 25 void test1() { 26 vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; 27 28 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: "; 29 output(x); 30 31 cout << "调用函数square1()......" << endl; 32 square1(x); 33 34 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: "; 35 output(x); 36 } 37 38 void test2() { 39 vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; 40 41 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: "; 42 output(x); 43 44 cout << "调用函数square2()......" << endl; 45 square2(x); 46 47 cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: "; 48 output(x); 49 } 50 51 int main() { 52 cout << "测试1: " << endl; 53 test1(); 54 55 cout << "\n测试2: " << endl; 56 test2(); 57 }View Code
运行测试结果
总结:指针参数传递本质上是值传递 ,它所传递的是⼀个地址值。值传递过程中,被调函数的形式参数作为被调函数的局部变量处理,会在栈中开辟内存空间以存放由主调函数传递进来的实参值,从⽽形成了实参的⼀个 副本(替身) 。引⽤参数传递过程中,被调函数的形式参数也作为局部变量在栈中开辟了内存空间,但是这时存放的是由主调函数 放进来的实参变量的地址 。被调函数对 形参(本体) 的任何操作都被处理成间接寻址,即通过栈中存放的地址访问。主调函数中的实参变量(根据别名找到主调函数中的本体)。因此,被调函数对形参的任何操作都会影响主调函数 中的实参变量。
实验任务5
vectorInt.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <cassert> 4 #include <iostream> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 class vectorInt{ 9 public: 10 vectorInt(int n); 11 vectorInt(int n, int value); 12 vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi); 13 ~vectorInt(); 14 15 int get_size() const; 16 int& at(int index); 17 int& at(int index) const; 18 19 private: 20 int size; 21 int *ptr; 22 }; 23 24 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n} { 25 ptr = new int[n]; 26 cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n) called." << endl; 27 } 28 29 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n} { 30 ptr = new int[n]; 31 for(auto i = 0; i < size ; ++i) 32 ptr[i] = value; 33 cout << "constructor vectorInt(int n, int value) called." << endl; 34 } 35 36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} { 37 for(auto i = 0; i < size ; ++i) 38 ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i]; 39 cout << "copy constructor called." << endl; 40 } 41 42 vectorInt::~vectorInt() { 43 delete[] ptr; 44 cout << "destructor called." << endl; 45 } 46 47 int vectorInt::get_size() const { 48 return size; 49 } 50 51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) { 52 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); 53 return ptr[index]; 54 } 55 56 int& vectorInt::at(int index) const { 57 assert(index >= 0 && index < size); 58 return ptr[index]; 59 }View Code
task5.cpp
1 #include "vectorInt.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::cin; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 void output(const vectorInt &vi) { 9 for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i) 10 cout << vi.at(i) << ", "; 11 cout << "\b\b \n"; 12 } 13 14 void test() { 15 int n; 16 cout << "输入vectorInt对象中元素个数: "; 17 cin >> n; 18 19 vectorInt x1(n); // 构造动态int数组对象x1,包含n个元素,不对元素初始化 20 for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i) 21 x1.at(i) = i*i; 22 cout << "vectorInt对象x1: "; 23 output(x1); 24 25 vectorInt x2(n, 42); // 构造动态int数组对象x1,包含n个元素,每个元素初始值为42 26 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: "; 27 output(x2); 28 vectorInt x3(x2); // 使用x2构造x3 29 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: "; 30 output(x3); 31 32 cout << "更新vectorInt对象x2......\n"; 33 x2.at(0) = 77; 34 x2.at(1) = -999; 35 36 cout << "vectorInt对象x2: "; 37 output(x2); 38 cout << "vectorInt对象x3: "; 39 output(x3); 40 } 41 42 int main() { 43 test(); 44 }View Code
运行测试结果
实验任务6
matrix.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <cassert> 5 6 using std::cout; 7 using std::endl; 8 9 // 类Matrix的声明 10 class Matrix { 11 public: 12 Matrix(int n, int m); // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵 13 Matrix(int n); // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵 14 Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造 15 ~Matrix(); 16 17 void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值 18 void set(int i, int j, double value); // 设置矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素值为value 19 20 double& at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 21 double& at(int i, int j); // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 22 23 int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数 24 int get_cols() const; // 返回矩阵对象列数 25 26 void print() const; // 按行打印输出矩阵对象元素值 27 28 private: 29 int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数 30 int cols; // 矩阵对象内元素列数 31 double *ptr; 32 }; 33 34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足 35 // xxx 36 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m): lines{n}, cols{m} { 37 ptr = new double[n*m]; 38 } 39 40 Matrix::Matrix(int n): lines{n}, cols{n} { 41 ptr = new double[n*n]; 42 } 43 44 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x): lines{x.lines}, cols{x.cols} { 45 ptr = new double[lines*cols]; 46 for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++) 47 for(auto j = 0; j < cols; j++) 48 ptr[i*cols+j] = x.ptr[i*cols+j]; 49 } 50 51 Matrix::~Matrix(){ 52 delete[] ptr; 53 } 54 55 void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) { 56 for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++) 57 for(auto j = 0; j < cols; j++) 58 ptr[i*cols+j] = pvalue[i*cols+j]; 59 } 60 61 void Matrix::set(int i, int j, double value) { 62 ptr[i*cols+j] = value; 63 } 64 65 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const { 66 return ptr[i*cols+j]; 67 } 68 69 double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) { 70 return ptr[i*cols+j]; 71 } 72 73 int Matrix::get_lines() const { 74 return lines; 75 } 76 77 int Matrix::get_cols() const { 78 return cols; 79 } 80 81 void Matrix::print() const { 82 for(auto i = 0; i < lines; i++) 83 { 84 for(auto j = 0; j <cols; j++) 85 { 86 cout << ptr[i*cols+j] << " "; 87 } 88 cout << endl; 89 } 90 }View Code
task6.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include "matrix.hpp" 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 const int N1 = 3; 7 const int N2 = 2; 8 9 // 输出一个矩阵对象中索引为index对应的行的所有元素值 10 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) { 11 for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j) 12 cout << m.at(index, j) << ", "; 13 cout << "\b\b \n"; 14 } 15 16 void test() { 17 18 19 double x[N1*N2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; 20 21 Matrix m1(N1, N2); // 创建一个N1×N2矩阵 22 m1.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值 23 cout << "矩阵对象m1: " << endl; 24 m1.print(); // 打印矩阵m1的值 25 cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行是: " << endl; 26 output(m1, 0); 27 cout << endl; 28 29 Matrix m2(N2, N1); 30 m2.set(x); 31 cout << "矩阵对象m2: " << endl; 32 m2.print(); 33 cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行是: " << endl; 34 output(m2, 0); 35 cout << endl; 36 37 Matrix m3(m2); // 用矩阵m2构造新的矩阵m3 38 m3.set(0, 0, 999); // 讲矩阵对象m2索引(0,0)元素设为999 39 cout << "矩阵对象m3:" << endl; 40 m3.print(); 41 cout << endl; 42 43 Matrix m4(2); // 创建一个2*2矩阵对象 44 m4.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值 45 cout << "矩阵对象m4:" << endl; 46 m4.print(); 47 } 48 49 int main() { 50 test(); 51 }View Code
运行测试结果
标签:index,const,数组,Point,int,实验,vectorPoint,ptr,指针 From: https://www.cnblogs.com/rssn/p/17797437.html