往期文章：麒麟KYLINOS上使用开始菜单图标开启或关闭vnc
hello，大家好啊，今天给大家带来一篇使用命令行配置kysec的防火墙的文章，通过本篇文章的学习，大家可以了解到图形化界面中的防火墙信息是如何生成的，为后期我们将防火墙的相关配置放入到定制镜像中做准备。首先给大家演示在图形化界面上该怎么操作，然后对应的操作如何利用命令行界面完成。
1、查看麒麟系统信息
pdsyw@pdsyw-pc:~/桌面$ cat /etc/.kyinfo
[dist]
name=Kylin
milestone=Desktop-V10-SP1-General-Release-2303
arch=arm64
beta=False
time=2023-04-27 15:46:53
dist_id=Kylin-Desktop-V10-SP1-General-Release-2303-arm64-2023-04-27 15:46:53
[servicekey]
key=0516013
[os]
to=
term=2024-08-01
pdsyw@pdsyw-pc:~/桌面$
2、安装ssh
root@pdsyw-pc:~# apt install ssh -y
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
archdetect-deb dmeventd libaio1 libdebian-installer4
libdevmapper-event1.02.1 liblvm2cmd2.03 localechooser-data lvm2 user-setup
使用'apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
将会同时安装下列软件：
ncurses-term openssh-server openssh-sftp-server ssh-import-id
建议安装：
molly-guard monkeysphere ssh-askpass ufw
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
ncurses-term openssh-server openssh-sftp-server ssh ssh-import-id
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 5 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 16 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 1,030 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 6,097 kB 的额外空间。
获取:1 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main arm64 openssh-sftp-server arm64 1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3 [50.1 kB]
获取:2 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main arm64 openssh-server arm64 1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3 [357 kB]
获取:3 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1-2303-updates/main arm64 ssh all 1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3 [105 kB]
获取:4 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1/main arm64 ncurses-term all 6.2-0kylin2 [501 kB]
获取:5 http://archive.kylinos.cn/kylin/KYLIN-ALL 10.1/main arm64 ssh-import-id all 5.10-0kylin1 [17.2 kB]
已下载 1,030 kB，耗时 1秒 (1,489 kB/s)
正在预设定软件包 ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 openssh-sftp-server。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 191610 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 .../openssh-sftp-server_1%3a8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3_arm64.deb ...
正在解压 openssh-sftp-server (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 openssh-server。
准备解压 .../openssh-server_1%3a8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3_arm64.deb ...
正在解压 openssh-server (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 ssh。
准备解压 .../ssh_1%3a8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3_all.deb ...
正在解压 ssh (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 ncurses-term。
准备解压 .../ncurses-term_6.2-0kylin2_all.deb ...
正在解压 ncurses-term (6.2-0kylin2) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 ssh-import-id。
准备解压 .../ssh-import-id_5.10-0kylin1_all.deb ...
正在解压 ssh-import-id (5.10-0kylin1) ...
正在设置 openssh-sftp-server (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
正在设置 openssh-server (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
Creating config file /etc/ssh/sshd_config with new version
Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ...
3072 SHA256:KGiMMxfVed8XFMfJDAgboVL3LT/WWfU8szRWwe0IzuA root@pdsyw-pc (RSA)
Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ...
256 SHA256:NMxxVNmzCAP21CttTPR2jljmf8dxfLAoo25PJ7/f7Jw root@pdsyw-pc (ECDSA)
Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time ...
256 SHA256:9MM0et35Ll8U28DnUbrDx0NR8LjQ81qgNFPCJodEjfE root@pdsyw-pc (ED25519)
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /lib/systemd/system/ssh.servi
ce.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /lib/s
ystemd/system/ssh.service.
rescue-ssh.target is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
正在设置 ssh-import-id (5.10-0kylin1) ...
Attempting to convert /etc/ssh/ssh_import_id
正在设置 ncurses-term (6.2-0kylin2) ...
正在设置 ssh (1:8.2p1-4kylin3k0.3) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.9.1-1kylin0k1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 systemd (245.4-4kylin3.15k0.26) 的触发器 ...
root@pdsyw-pc:~#
3、查看shh服务状态
root@pdsyw-pc:~# systemctl status ssh
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: e>
Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-10-25 16:58:06 CST; 23s ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 10573 (sshd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 9420)
Memory: 1.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
└─10573 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups
10月 25 16:58:06 pdsyw-pc systemd[1]: Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
10月 25 16:58:06 pdsyw-pc sshd[10573]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
10月 25 16:58:06 pdsyw-pc sshd[10573]: Server listening on :: port 22.
10月 25 16:58:06 pdsyw-pc systemd[1]: Started OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
root@pdsyw-pc:~#
4、查看IP地址
root@pdsyw-pc:~# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:1c:42:3b:79:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.211.55.49/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s5
valid_lft 1564sec preferred_lft 1564sec
inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:e583:5d78:f1b6:d339/64 scope global temporary dynamic
valid_lft 604445sec preferred_lft 85893sec
inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:70f4:6b68:3f20:cd70/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
valid_lft 2591920sec preferred_lft 604720sec
inet6 fe80::3aa3:f428:7b8:728/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
4: ip6tnl0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1452 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/tunnel6 :: brd ::
root@pdsyw-pc:~#
5、使用远程连接，发现连接失败
Last login: Wed Oct 25 15:19:17 on ttys001
roc@ROC ~ % ssh [email protected]
ssh: connect to host 10.211.55.49 port 22: Connection refused
roc@ROC ~ %
6、点击安全中心高级配置
7、添加22端口放开的防火墙
8、22端口放行
9、使用ssh连接成功
roc@ROC ~ % ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '10.211.55.49 (10.211.55.49)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:txRKtgIJRu8kLSoI6AfI3mM5f3Ufb9BL+njSlgrAkfk.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.211.55.49' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Welcome to Kylin V10 SP1 (GNU/Linux 5.4.18-85-generic aarch64)
* Management: http://www.kylinos.cn/ * Support: http://www.kylinos.cn/service.aspx
pdsyw@pdsyw-pc:~$
10、删除防火墙配置
11、再次使用ssh连接，发现连接失败
12、进入/etc/kylin-firewall/路径
pdsyw@pdsyw-pc:~/桌面$ sudo -i
root@pdsyw-pc:~# cd /etc/kylin-firewall/
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall# ll
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ./
drwxr-xr-x 165 root root 12288 10月 25 16:58 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 builtin_rules/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 custom_rules/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 837 4月 27 15:30 kylin-firewall.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 modes/
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall#
13、进入 custom_rules/下拷贝icmp.xml为sshport.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall# cd custom_rules/
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules# ll
总用量 44
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 223 4月 27 15:30 apt-p2p.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 286 4月 27 15:30 Default-Rule1.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 273 4月 27 15:30 Default-Rule2.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235 4月 27 15:30 Default-Rule3.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 227 4月 27 15:30 icmp.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248 4月 27 15:30 Kylin-Connectivity.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 227 4月 27 15:30 Remote-Desktop.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 229 4月 27 15:30 System-Activation.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 223 4月 27 15:30 Wireless-Projection.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules# cp icmp.xml sshport.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules#
14、编辑sshport.xml文件
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules# vi sshport.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules# cat sshport.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rule><policy direction="all" action="allow" mode="all" status="on"/><filter program="all" protocol="ssh" local_ip="all" local_ports="all" remote_ip="all" remote_ports="all"/></rule>
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/custom_rules#
15、进入/etc/kylin-firewall/modes路径下
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall#
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall# ll
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ./
drwxr-xr-x 165 root root 12288 10月 25 17:00 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 builtin_rules/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 25 17:00 custom_rules/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 837 4月 27 15:30 kylin-firewall.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 modes/
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall# pwd
/etc/kylin-firewall
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall# cd modes/
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes# ll
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 4月 27 15:30 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346 4月 27 15:30 private.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 214 4月 27 15:30 public.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes#
16、编辑private.xml文件
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes# vi private.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes# cat private.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mode inpolicy="deny" outpolicy="allow"><KSC/><rule name="System-Activation"/><rule name="icmp"/><rule name="Default-Rule1"/><rule name="Default-Rule2"/><rule name="Default-Rule3"/><rule name="Wireless-Projection"/><rule name="Kylin-Connectivity"/><rule name="Remote-Desktop"/><rule name="apt-p2p"/><rule name="sshport"/></mode>
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes#
17、编辑public.xml文件
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes# vi public.xml
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes# cat public.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mode inpolicy="deny" outpolicy="allow"><KSC/><rule name="System-Activation"/><rule name="Wireless-Projection"/><rule name="Kylin-Connectivity"/><rule name="apt-p2p"/><rule name="sshport"/></mode>
root@pdsyw-pc:/etc/kylin-firewall/modes#
18、重启系统
19、安全中心防火墙配置已经自动添加了
20、使用ssh连接成功
roc@ROC Desktop % ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Welcome to Kylin V10 SP1 (GNU/Linux 5.4.18-85-generic aarch64)
* Management: http://www.kylinos.cn/ * Support: http://www.kylinos.cn/service.aspx
Last login: Wed Oct 25 15:46:22 2023 from 10.211.55.2
pdsyw@pdsyw-pc:~$